水稻小区育种气吸式精量排种器研制  

Development of Air-suction Precision Seed Metering Device for Rice Community Breeding

作　　者：王绪国 何思禹 秦伟 姜有聪 黄子顺 陶婉琰 李裕武 臧英[1] Wang Xuguo;He Siyu;Qin Wei;Jiang Youcong;Huang Zishun;Tao Wanyan;Li Yuwu;Zang Ying(College of Engineering,South China Agriclutural University,Guangzhou 510642,China)

机构地区：[1]华南农业大学工程学院,广州510642

出　　处：《农机化研究》2025年第6期72-77,共6页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52175228)。

摘　　要：针对水稻小区育种频繁换种、自动充种、快速清种、防止混种等技术难题,设计了一种水稻小区育种气吸式精量排种器,阐述了排种器的工作原理,并对关键部件进行了设计与分析。排种器采用凸轮式凹槽滑轨配合电机完成快速换种与充种工作,并结合舵机传动系统完成快速卸种工作。以排种盘转速、工作负压为试验指标进行两因素试验,结果表明:当排种器吸种负压为1 500 Pa、排种盘转速为30 r/min时,排种器空穴率为3.33%,1~3粒穴占比为96.67%,多粒穴占比为0%,所研制的小区育种气吸式精量排种器满足水稻小区育种试验的农艺要求。Aiming at the technical problems such as frequent seed change,automatic seed filling,rapid seed clearing and prevention of mixed seeds in rice breeding in plot,an air-suction precision seed metering device for rice community breeding was designed,its working principle was expounded,and its key components were designed and analyzed.The seed metering device used cam groove slide rail with motor to complete rapid seed changing and filling,and combined with steering gear transmission system to complete rapid seed unloading.Two-factor experiments were carried out with the rotating speed of seed metering disc and working negative pressure as experimental indicators.The test results showed that when the negative pressure of seed suction was 1500 Pa and the rotational speed was 30 r/min,the air-suction precision seed metering device for rice community breeding had the best seed metering effect,with empty hole rate of 3.33%and 1-3 grains hole of 96.67%,and the multiple grains hole of 0%.The air-suction precision seed metering device for community breeding met the agronomic requirements of rice community breeding experiment.

关 键 词：水稻 小区育种 排种器 精量播种 气吸式 

分 类 号：S223.25[农业科学—农业机械化工程]