全自动人参移栽机设计与试验  

Design and Experiment of a Fully Automatic Ginseng Transplanter

作　　者：左胜甲 丁旭旭 孔德刚[2] 刘倾城 左胜悦 Zuo Shengjia;Ding Xuxu;Kong Degang;Liu Qingcheng;Zuo Shengyue(School of Physics,Tonghua Normal University,Tonghua 134001,China;College of Engineering,Northeast Agricultural University,Harbin 150030,China)

机构地区：[1]通化师范学院物理学院,吉林通化134001 [2]东北农业大学工程学院,哈尔滨150030

出　　处：《农机化研究》2025年第6期127-132,共6页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：吉林省教育厅“十三五”科学技术研究项目(20191096KJ)。

摘　　要：人参是具有重要药用价值的特种经济作物和中药材之一,一般播种2~3年需要移栽,而目前人参移栽作业多为人工方式,劳动强度大、作业效率低且存在标准不统一等问题。为此,对一键式人参移栽机进行了设计和试验。机具主要由动力机构、行走机构、间歇机构、挖掘覆土机构等组成,可实现一键启动后在不停车的情况下自动完成挖槽(摆参槽)、覆土、行走等关键作业环节。对整机的基本结构参数和工作参数进行了设计计算,对关键部件进行了结构设计,利用机械三维设计仿真软件SolidWorks对其进行虚拟样机构建,并进行了田间试验。结果表明:移栽机挖槽深度约为18 cm,槽面与眭基约呈45°角,槽距约为25 cm,符合人参移栽农艺标准;作业速度约为90 m/h,具有作业速度高、标准化程度高且作业面平整等特点。研究结果对人参和其它中药材种植的机械化作业具有较好的参考与应用价值。Ginseng is a special economic crop and one of the Chinese medicinal materials with important medicinal value.Ginseng needs to be transplanted after two to three years of planting.However,at present,most of the ginseng transplanting operations are manual,with high labor intensity,low work efficiency,and inconsistent transplanting standards.This paper developed and designed a one button ginseng transplanter,which mainly consisted of a power mechanism,a walking mechanism,a intermittent mechanism,and a digging and covering mechanism.It can automatically complete the key steps of digging(swinging the slot),covering soil,and walking,etc.In this paper,the basic structural parameters and working parameters of the whole machine were designed and calculated,and the structure of its key components was designed.At the same time,the virtual prototype was constructed by using the mechanical 3D design simulation software SolidWorks,and field experiments were carried out.The results showed that the trenching depth of the machine was about 18 cm,the angle between the trenching surface and the Suiji was about 45°,and the distance between adjacent trenching was about 25 cm,which was in line with the agronomic standard of ginseng transplanting.The operating efficiency of the machine was about 90 m/h,which was characterized by high operating efficiency,high standardization and flat working surface.The machine had good reference and application value for the mechanized operation of ginseng and other Chinese herbal medicine planting.

关 键 词：人参 移栽机 全自动 中药材 

分 类 号：S223.94[农业科学—农业机械化工程]