水培生菜机械特性研究及采收方式试验优化  

Research on Mechanical Properties of Hydroponic Lettuce and Optimization of Harvesting Methods Experiment

作　　者：胡鹏展 马义东 李心平 金鑫 张印 齐翀 Hu Pengzhan;Ma Yidong;Li Xinping;Jin Xin;Zhang Yin;Qi Chong(College of Agricultural Equipment Engineering,Henan University of Science and Technology,Luoyang 471003,China)

机构地区：[1]河南科技大学农业装备工程学院,河南洛阳471003

出　　处：《农机化研究》2025年第6期133-139,146,共8页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(52105252);河南省科技攻关计划项目(212102110037)。

摘　　要：水培生菜菜叶柔嫩、质脆、易损伤,拔取是影响生菜品质的关键采收环节。为提高水培生菜的采收质量,通过水培生菜农艺特征分析及人工采收流程调研,对比分析了3种人工采收水培生菜拔取方式,确定了菜叶弯折损伤的主要损伤形式。通过菜叶弯折力学特性试验,得到菜叶不同位置弯折损伤临界力,利用抓取力测量装置测量3种拔取方式手指抓取力,结合菜叶损伤面积和抓取过程分析,确定了顶部拔取的最优拔取方式和手指最小抓取力角度。搭建水培生菜顶部拔取试验平台,对最优拔取方式进行试验验证,结果表明:手指抓取力与手指抓取角度呈现相关性,抓取角度为45°时手指抓取力最小为2.05 N,菜叶损伤面积为205 mm2。研究结果可为水培叶菜低损伤采收设备的研发提供理论依据。Hydroponic lettuce leaves are tender,crisp and easily damaged,and the pulling is a critical step in the harvesting process that affects the quality of lettuce.In order to improve the harvesting quality of hydroponic lettuce,analyzed the agronomic characteristics of hydroponic lettuce and investigated the manual harvesting process,comparing and analyzing three methods of manually harvesting hydroponic lettuce to determine the main forms of leaf bending damage.Critical bending damage force at different bending positions were obtained through mechanical testing of leaves.Using a grabbing force measuring device,the finger grabbing forces of the three pulling methods were measured,and the optimal pulling method was top pulling and the minimum finger grabbing force angle were determined by analyzing the area of leaf damage and the mechanical and causal factors of the damage.A hydroponic lettuce top pulling test platform was built to verify the optimal pulling method,and the results showed that finger grabbing force was correlated with finger grabbing angle,and the minimum finger grabbing force was 2.05 N at a grabbing angle of 45°,with a leaf damage area of 205 mm 2.This study can provide a theoretical basis for the development of low damage harvesting equipment for hydroponic leafy vegetables.

关 键 词：水培生菜 采收 菜叶损伤 力学特性 

分 类 号：S225.92[农业科学—农业机械化工程]