鲜食玉米收获机秸秆粉碎装置的设计与试验  

Design and Test of Straw Crushing Device of Fresh Corn Harvester

作　　者：张鑫 赵伟 叶彤[1] 兰海涛[1] 聂美玲 常建国[1] 刘兴博[1] 杨金砖[1] 李志博 Zhang Xin;Zhao Wei;Ye Tong;Lan Haitao;Nie Meiling;Chang Jianguo;Liu Xingbo;Yang Jinzhuan;Li Zhibo(Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Machinery Engineering Sciences,Harbin 150081,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省农业机械工程科学研究院,哈尔滨150081

出　　处：《农机化研究》2025年第6期140-146,共7页Journal of Agricultural Mechanization Research

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2016YFD0701900);国家玉米产业技术体系专项(CARS-02-28);黑龙江省重点研发计划项目(2022ZX05B01)。

摘　　要：近年来,鲜食玉米愈发受到人们的欢迎,种植面积逐渐扩大,相应的鲜食玉米秸秆产量也不断增加。针对鲜食玉米收获机在作业过程中秸秆粉碎长度较大、还田效果较差、田间分解速度较慢的问题,设计了一种鲜食玉米收获机秸秆粉碎装置,装置由刀轴、刀盘和刀片组成。通过刀片对秸秆粉碎过程进行理论分析,得到影响其作业效果的因素。对主要因素参数进行设计,并建立粉碎装置-秸秆离散元模型,将设计的秸秆粉碎装置与现有的秸秆粉碎装置进行不同转速下的离散元仿真对比试验,结果表明:设计的秸秆粉碎装置的破碎效果均优于现有的秸秆粉碎装置。将设计的秸秆粉碎装置以800、950、1 100 r/min的转速进行田间验证试验,结果表明:3种转速下,粉碎后的秸秆长度在0~100 mm之间的占比分别为94.6%、95.4%和95.9%,秸秆主要长度区间均为50~70 mm,满足秸秆还田作业标准。In recent years,fresh corn has become more and more popular,the planting area has gradually expanded,and the corresponding yield of fresh corn straw has also gradually increased.In order to solve the problems of large straw crushing length,poor returning effect and slow decomposing speed in the field of fresh corn harvester,a straw crushing device of fresh corn harvester was designed,the device is composed of a cutter shaft,a cutter head and a blade.Through the theoretical analysis of the process of straw crushing with blade,the factors affecting the operation effect were obtained,the main factors parameters were designed,and the discrete element model of straw crushing device was established,the design of straw crushing device and the existing straw crushing device under different rotational speeds of the discrete element simulation comparison test,the simulation results showed that the designed straw crushing device was superior to the existing straw crushing device.The designed straw crushing device was tested at 800 r/min,950 r/min and 1100 r/min in the field,the results of field experiment showed that the ratio of connecting rod length between 0-100 mm was 94.6%,95.4%and 95.9%respectively,and the main length of straw was 50-70 mm,which met the operation standard of returning straw to field.

关 键 词：鲜食玉米 收获机 秸秆粉碎装置 离散元 秸秆含水率 

分 类 号：S225.5[农业科学—农业机械化工程]