高强度钢管约束下小直径乳化炸药爆速特性  

The detonation velocity characteristics of emulsion explosives of small diameters under confinements of high-tensile steel tubes

作　　者：李雅茹 孙金山 董千 聂森林 明伟华 LI Ya-ru;SUN Jin-shan;DONG Qian;NIE Sen-lin;MING Wei-hua(State Key Laboratory of Precision Blasting,Jianghan University,Wuhan 430056,China;Hubei Key Laboratory of Blasting Engineering,Wuhan 430056,China;Hubei Institute of Explosion and Blasting Technology,Wuhan 430056,China;School of Digital Construction and Blasting Engineering,Jianghan University,Wuhan 430056,China)

机构地区：[1]江汉大学省部共建精细爆破国家重点实验室,武汉430056 [2]爆破工程湖北省重点实验室,武汉430056 [3]湖北(武汉)爆炸与爆破技术研究院,武汉430056 [4]江汉大学数字建造与爆破工程学院,武汉430056

出　　处：《工程爆破》2025年第1期89-94,共6页Engineering Blasting

基　　金：江汉大学一流学科建设重大专项基金资助项目(2023XKZ042);国家重点研发计划基金资助项目(2021YFC3100804);国家自然科学基金资助项目(52108368)。

摘　　要：为明晰炮孔约束条件下不同直径和密度乳化炸药的爆轰性能,采用高强度无缝钢管模拟隧道钻爆施工中周边炮孔侧向约束条件,利用五段爆速仪记录爆轰波传播过程,对3种不同直径钢管约束下药卷的爆速进行测量,并与无约束条件下3种直径乳化炸药的爆速进行对比。同时,为研究小直径钢管约束下密度对药卷爆速的影响,对直径11 mm钢管约束下不同密度药卷的爆速进行测量。结果表明:直径11、16和20 mm钢管约束下乳化炸药均能稳定爆轰,其爆速随直径增加而增加。直径20 mm下药卷爆速可达4532.58 m/s,与直径32 mm工业药卷爆速相当。无钢管约束条件下,侧向能量损失严重,直径小于等于20 mm的药卷均无法起爆。直径11 mm钢管约束下,药卷的爆速随着密度增加而线性降低。对炸药的爆速随密度的变化过程进行线性拟合,拟合相关系数可达0.97901。研究证明在强约束条件下,小直径乳化炸药可以实现稳定爆轰,并且通过调节药卷直径和密度,可有效控制炸药爆轰能量释放速度。To clarify the detonation performance of emulsion explosives with different diameters and densities under the constraint conditions of the borehole.High-strength seamless steel tubes were employed to simulate the constraint conditions of perimeter holes during drilling and blasting construction of tunnel.The travel history of the detonation wave was recorded by a five-channel detonation velocity meter.The detonation velocities of emulsion explosives under constraints of steel tubes of three different diameters were measured and compared with those of emulsion explosives under unconfined conditions.Besides,the velocities of detonation of explosives with different densities under the constraint of 11 mm steel tube were measured to study the influence of density on the detonation velocity under constraint of small diameter steel tube.Results showed that emulsion explosives under the constraint of steel tubes of 11 mm,16 mm,and 20 mm could be stably denoted,and their detonation velocities increased with the increase of diameter.The detonation velocity of the explosive with a diameter of 20 mm could reach 4532.58 m/s,which was equivalent to that of unconfined emulsion explosive with a diameter of 32 mm.Under unconfined conditions,the explosives with diameters smaller than 20 mm could not be denoted due to severe lateral energy loss.The velocity of detonation of explosive linearly decreased with increasing density under confined condition with a diameter of 11 mm.The detonation velocity as a function of density was fitted,and the fitting coefficient was 0.97901.This study proves that the emulsion explosives of small diameters can achieve stable detonation under strong constraints,and the detonation energy release rates of the explosives can be effectively controlled by adjusting the diameter and density of the explosive.

关 键 词：光面爆破 爆轰性能 乳化炸药 爆速 小直径 

分 类 号：TJ55[兵器科学与技术—军事化学与烟火技术] TD235[矿业工程—矿井建设]