甲苯加氢脱烷基制苯技术选择与应用  

Selection and application of toluene hydrodealkylation technology to benzene

作　　者：刘烈威 接瑜 李博 Liu Liewei;Jie Yu;Li Bo(Heilongjiang Longjiang Chemical Co.,Ltd.,Daqing,Heilongjiang 163000)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江省龙江化工有限公司,黑龙江省大庆市163000

出　　处：《炼油技术与工程》2025年第2期41-43,47,共4页Petroleum Refinery Engineering

摘　　要：基于近两年国内新上的两套采用THDA技术的甲苯加氢脱烷基制苯装置,从反应原理、工艺技术、关键设备、能耗等方面对该技术进行了综合介绍。甲苯在临氢、高温高压条件下,直接热裂解制苯的单程转化率在83%左右,未反应的甲苯循环至进料缓冲罐,总产品收率可达98%左右。反应过程放热,入口温度为665℃,出口温度为720℃,反应压力为3.2 MPa,出口氢油摩尔比为6,装置能耗在48.29 kgoe/t。该技术的关键设备为甲苯制苯反应器、热联合进料换热器和反应进料加热炉。为减少投资,反应器一般采用带衬里的冷壁反应器,衬里的材料以及厚度是反应器的设计重点。热联合进料换热器需要充分考虑管板应力问题,同时考虑换热器本身的膨胀,以及直连反应器实际运行状况的变化而导致换热器产生的膨胀。进料加热炉的设计负荷主要由开工工况决定,但同时要综合考虑冷壁反应器的特点。Based on two domestic newly developed toluene hydrodealkylation to benzene units using THDA technology in the past two years,a comprehensive introduction is given to this technology from the aspects of reaction principle,process technology,key equipment,energy consumption,and so on.Toluene can be directly pyrolysized to benzene under hydrogen,high temperature and high pressure conditions,the one-way conversion rate is about 83%with the unreacted toluene recycled back to the feed buffer tank,and the total product yield can reach about 98%.The reaction process is exothermic.The inlet and outlet temperatures are 665℃and 720℃,respectively.The reaction pressure is 3.2 MPa,and the outlet hydrogen-to-oil ratio is 6.The reaction energy consumption is 48.29 kgoe/t.The toluene to benzene reactor,thermal combined feed heat exchanger and reaction feed heating furnace are key equipments of this technology.The reactor usually adopts the cold-wall reactor with lining in order to reduce investment,and the material and thickness of the lining are key design considerations for the reactor.The thermal combined feed heat exchanger should consider the stress problem of tube sheet,as well as the expansion of the heat exchanger itself and the expansion caused by changes in the actual operating conditions of the directly connected reactor.The design duty of feed heating furnace is mainly determined by the operating conditions,and the characteristics of the cold-wall reactor should be comprehensively considered.

关 键 词：甲苯 加氢 脱烷基 苯 

分 类 号：TQ241.1[化学工程—有机化工]