绿氨燃料研究与应用展望  

Research and application prospects of green ammonia fuel

作　　者：刘名瑞 孙乾耀 孙进 Liu Mingrui;Sun Qianyao;Sun Jin(SINOPEC(Dalian)Research Institute of Petroleum and Petrochemicals Co.,Ltd.,Dalian,Liaoning 116045)

机构地区：[1]中石化(大连)石油化工研究院有限公司,辽宁省大连市116045

出　　处：《炼油技术与工程》2025年第2期56-59,64,共5页Petroleum Refinery Engineering

基　　金：中国石化科技项目(122202)。

摘　　要：随着绿色能源技术探索的深入,绿氨凭借较高的能量密度、较低的液化储运成本和无碳储能的优势,有望成为新的“零碳富氢”燃料。围绕氨燃料特点,探索并总结了纯氨及氨与H2、CH4、汽油和柴油混合后的燃烧机理、NOx的排放特点、火焰性能等,分析了氨燃料的应用可行性。结合绿氨市场和航运领域趋势,推测绿氨燃料在未来的市场份额将会稳步提升。从制备成本、储运成本、使用成本和维护成本4个方面展开绿氨燃料经济性分析,预计到2035年“绿氨”的生产和应用成本为1700元/t,氨燃料电池的发电成本为1.0元/(kW·h)。通过调整助燃剂比例改善氨燃料的燃烧性能,克服氨合成工艺中的能耗问题,将对氨燃料的发展与应用起到积极作用。As the exploration of green energy technology becomes more in-depth,green ammonia is expected to become a new zero-carbon and rich-hydrogen fuel due to its high energy density,low liquefaction storage and transportation costs,and the advantages of carbon-free energy storage.Based on the characteristics of ammonia fuel,the combustion mechanism of pure ammonia and its mixture with H 2,CH 4,gasoline and diesel,NO x emission characteristics,flame performance are explored and summarized,and feasibility of ammonia fuel application is analyzed.Based on the trends in the green ammonia market and shipping industry,it is speculated that the market of green ammonia fuel will steadily increase in the future.An economic analysis of green ammonia fuel is conducted from four aspects:preparation cost,storage and transportation cost,usage cost,and maintenance cost.It is expected that by 2035,the production and application cost of green ammonia will be 1700 yuan per ton,and the power generation cost of ammonia fuel cells will be 1.0 yuan/(kW·h).By adjusting the proportion of combustion improver to improve the combustion performance of ammonia fuel and overcome the energy consumption problem in the ammonia synthesis process,it will play a positive role in the development and application of ammonia fuel.

关 键 词：绿氨燃料 清洁能源 燃烧机理 零碳 绿电 航运燃料 绿氨成本 经济性 

分 类 号：TQ517[化学工程]