有机无机氮配施对植烟土壤养分含量及微生物数量的影响  

Effects of Organic and Inorganic Nitrogen Combined Application on Nutrient Content and Microbial Quantity of Tobacco-planting Soil

作　　者：路丹[1] 卢昌友 范晓苏 何明雄 梁琼月[1] 欧仲升 李世勇 沈方科[1] LU Dan;LU Changyou;FAN Xiaosu;HE Mingxiong;LIANG Qiongyue;OU Zhongsheng;LI Shiyong;SHEN Fangke(Guangxi Key Laboratory for Agro-environment and Agro-products Safety/National Experimental Teaching Demonstration Center for Plant Science/College of Agriculture,Guangxi University,Nanning,Guangxi 530004;Hechi Tobacco Company,Guangxi Tobacco Corporation,Hechi,Guangxi 547001,China)

机构地区：[1]广西农业环境与农产品安全重点实验室/植物科学国家级实验教学示范中心/广西大学农学院,广西南宁530004 [2]广西壮族自治区烟草公司河池市公司,广西河池547001

出　　处：《贵州农业科学》2025年第2期29-38,共10页Guizhou Agricultural Sciences

基　　金：中国烟草总公司广西壮族自治区公司科技计划项目“河池烟区K326中棵烟生产关键技术研究”(桂烟综﹝2023﹞50号)。

摘　　要：【目的】探明有机无机氮配施对植烟土壤养分含量及微生物数量的影响,为植烟土壤有机氮合理施用提供理论依据。【方法】以烟草K326为试验材料,花生麸为有机氮源,采用大田试验,按有机无机氮质量比配施设置25︰75(T_(1))、35︰65(T_(2))、45︰55(T_(3))3个处理,以100%无机氮肥为对照(CK),分析各处理植烟土壤养分含量及微生物数量的差异变化。【结果】不同比例有机氮肥处理提高烤烟旺长期和成熟期的土壤pH,旺长期和成熟期土壤pH分别比CK提高0.12~0.42和0.19~0.44;降低烤烟旺长期土壤的铵态氮、硝态氮以及整个时期植烟土壤的无机氮含量(铵态氮与硝态氮之和),其中,以T_(2)的降幅最小。各比例有机氮处理降低打顶期植烟土壤的速效磷含量以及成熟期的速效钾含量,但对烤烟大田期植烟土壤全氮含量无显著影响。T_(2)和T_(3)显著提高烤烟打顶期土壤有机质含量,提高幅度为11.86%和10.44%。部分有机氮处理显著提高成熟期植烟土壤的细菌和放线菌数量,显著降低真菌数量。T_(1)、T_(2)和T_(3)的细菌数量分别比CK提高38.03%、205.63%和36.62%。单因素分析表明土壤细菌、真菌和放线菌的变异系数较大,对有机氮处理的响应相对灵敏。主成分分析得到综合排名前3位的指标为土壤铵态氮、速效钾和有效磷。【结论】有机无机氮肥配施提高植烟土壤pH和有机质含量,促进有益微生物(细菌和放线菌)活动,提高植烟土壤质量,以有机无机氮质量配比为35︰65时土壤质量最好。【Objective】The effects of organic and inorganic nitrogen combined application on nutrient content and microbial quantity of tobacco-planting soil were explored to provide the theoretical basis for rational application of organic nitrogen in tobacco-planting soil.【Method】Four treatments of 25%peanut bran+75%inorganic nitrogen(T_(1)),35%peanut bran+65%inorganic nitrogen(T_(2)),45%peanut bran+55%inorganic nitrogen(T_(3))and 100%inorganic nitrogen(CK)were designed in a field experiment to investigate the differences in nutrient content and microbial quantity of tobaccoplanting soil among four treatments.【Result】Applying organic nitrogen could increase soil pH at vigorous growth and mature stages of tobacco.The soil pH of the organic nitrogen treatments at vigorous growth and mature stages increased by 0.12-0.42 and 0.19-0.44 compared with CK respectively.Applying organic nitrogen could decrease ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen content of tobacco-planting soil at vigorous growth stage of tobacco and inorganic nitrogen content(ammonium nitrogen+nitrate nitrogen)of tobacco-planting soil during whole growth period of tobacco and the decrease range of T_(2) was minimum among three organic nitrogen treatments.Applying organic nitrogen could reduce available phosphorus content at topping stage of tobacco-planting soil and available potassium content at mature stage of tobaccoplanting soil but had no significant effect on total nitrogen content of tobacco-planting soil during whole field period.The soil organic nitrogen content of T_(2) and T_(3) at topping stage of tobacco was higher than CK significantly and the organic nitrogen increase range of T_(2) and T_(3) was 11.86%and 10.44%compared with CK respectively.Applying organic nitrogen could increase bacteria and actinmycetes quantity and significantly decrease soil fungus quantity of tobacco-planting soil at mature stage of tobacco.The bacteria quantity of T_(1),T_(2) and T_(3) was 38.03%,205.63%and 36.62%higher than CK respectively.The bacteria,fungus

关 键 词：有机氮 无机氮 烟地 养分含量 微生物 综合评价 

分 类 号：S533.9[农业科学—作物学]