云南高原岩溶环境地质问题及修复治理难度分析  

Analysis of geological problems and difficulties in restoration and treatment of karst environment on the Yunnan plateau

作　　者：张华 彭淑惠 王宇 王波 高瑜 李芹 ZHANG Hua;PENG Shuhui;WANG Yu;WANG Bo;GAO Yu;LI Qin(Key Laboratory of Geohazard Forecast and Geoecological Restoration in Plateau Mountainous Area,MNR,Kunming,Yunnan 650216,China;Yunnan Key Laboratory of Geohazard Forecast and Geoecological Restoration in Plateau Mountainous Area,Kunming,Yunnan 650216,China;Yunnan Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring,Kunming,Yunnan 650216,China;Yunnan Geological Survey,Kunming,Yunnan 650051,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部高原山地地质灾害预报预警与生态保护修复重点实验室,云南昆明650216 [2]云南省高原山地地质灾害预报预警与生态保护修复重点实验室(筹),云南昆明650216 [3]云南省地质环境监测院,云南昆明650216 [4]云南省地质调查局,云南昆明650051

出　　处：《中国岩溶》2024年第6期1235-1247,共13页Carsologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重大研发计划项目课题(2016YFC0502502);自然资源部岩溶生态系统与石漠化治理重点实验室开放基金专项(KDL202101)。

摘　　要：云南高原岩溶区海拔高,地形地貌丰富多样,气象与水文条件多变,内外动力地质作用强烈,加之人类活动强烈,地质环境受到不合理的开发和改造,产生了诸多与自然资源及环境密切关联的岩溶环境地质问题。主要有石漠化、内涝及干旱、地下水污染、泉水疏干、湿地生态环境恶化、岩溶地质灾害等。由高原岩溶区地质环境的脆弱性、复杂性所决定,各类环境地质问题修复治理难度大,修复治理的成效参差不齐,主要原因可归纳为岩溶地质环境问题产生的自然与社会因素复杂多变,自然资源承载力较低,地质环境容量有限,生存发展与环境保护协调困难,岩溶环境地质问题修复治理对经济和技术要求高等。文章针对各种岩溶环境地质问题,深入分析修复治理的具体难点和原因,并研究提出了解决问题的对策建议,从而为生态保护和修复提供了解决问题的方向和科学依据。The karst region of the Yunnan plateau is characterized by high altitudes,diverse landforms,variable meteorological and hydrological conditions,and strong internal and external dynamic geological processes.Additionally,the rapid increase in human activities and the detrimental effects of unsustainable development have resulted in many issues on karst environmental geology closely related to natural resources and the environment.The main issues are rocky desertification,waterlogging and drought,groundwater pollution,spring drainage,deterioration of wetland ecological environment,and karst geological disasters.According to the data on relevant remote sensing surveys,the total area of rocky desertification in Yunnan Province in 2020 reached 24,800 km^(2),accounting for 26.41% of the karst area.Among them,the area of severe rocky desertification accounted for 69.46%,20.72% for moderate rocky desertification,and 9.82% for mild rocky desertification.Rocky desertification is contiguously distributed in the karst mountainous areas of eastern and southeastern Yunnan,and in karst regions of western Yunnan,it is mostly distributed in sheets and bands.The severe rocky desertification area is mainly concentrated in the middle-height mountains,high-height mountains and valleys of the plateau karst.The distribution of waterlogging and drought in the karst region of the plateau shows obvious local characteristics.Drought disasters mainly occur in the mountainous and hilly areas with higher terrain,while waterlogging occurs more often in the valleys,basins and depressions among the mountains with lower terrain.There are 2,658,400 acres of arable land susceptible to waterlogging in karst regions of the Yunnan plateau.The degree of groundwater pollution varies greatly due to different types of groundwater,pollution protection properties and pollution sources.Generally,pore water is the most polluted with the lowest water quality.Medium to heavy pollution is mainly distributed in the middle of the basin,and the elements exceeding th

关 键 词：生态环境 石漠化 水污染 湿地退化 地质灾害 

分 类 号：P642.25[天文地球—工程地质学] X14[天文地球—地质矿产勘探]