云南高原脆弱生态地质环境类型与特征及生态修复对策  

Types and characteristics of vulnerable eco-geological environments on the Yunnan plateau and countermeasures for ecological restoration

作　　者：李芹 王宇 张华 柴正交 熊波 LI Qin;WANG Yu;ZHANG Hua;CHAI Zhengjiao;XIONG Bo(Key Laboratory of Geohazard Forecast and Geoecological Restoration in Plateau Mountainous Area,MNR,Kunming,Yunnan 650216,China;Yunnan Key Laboratory of Geohazard Forecast and Geoecological Restoration in Plateau Mountainous Area,Kunming,Yunnan 650216,China;Yunnan Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring,Kunming,Yunnan 650216,China;Yunnan Geological Survey,Kunming,Yunnan 650051,China;Yunnan Institute of Land and Resources Planning and Design,Kunming,Yunnan 650216,China)

机构地区：[1]自然资源部高原山地地质灾害预报预警与生态保护修复重点实验室,云南昆明650216 [2]云南省高原山地地质灾害预报预警与生态保护修复重点实验室(筹),云南昆明650216 [3]云南省地质环境监测院,云南昆明650216 [4]云南省地质调查局,云南昆明650051 [5]云南省国土资源规划设计研究院,云南昆明650216

出　　处：《中国岩溶》2024年第6期1261-1274,共14页Carsologica Sinica

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目“喀斯特断陷盆地石漠化演变及综合治理技术与示范”(2016YFC0502500);云南省地质灾害综合防治体系建设(云财资环[2020]68号)。

摘　　要：云南高原地质背景复杂,新构造运动强烈,高原隆升和断块差异升降幅度大,形成了区间差异显著、多样性突出的现代生态地质环境格局。根据云南高原山地生态地质环境对外界干扰的敏感性和自我恢复能力弱等特征,本文划分出岩溶石山(主要分布于滇东南一带,面积约2.1万km^(2))、高原湖泊(主要分布于滇中和滇西北,面积0.1万km^(2))、干热河谷(主要分布于滇中、滇西和滇南,面积1.3万km^(2))和高寒山地(主要分布于滇东和滇西北海拔2500 m以上地区)四类脆弱生态地质环境类型,因其分布区地质环境稳定性差,内外动力地质作用强,自然资源时空分布不均,生态地质环境对外界干扰敏感、自我恢复能力弱,自然和人为影响因素复杂多元,生态损毁严重,石漠化、水土流失、旱涝灾害、地质灾害易发高发,生态修复困难。针对高原脆弱生态地质环境类型与特征,分类进行详细分析论证,提出高原生态保护和修复应认真调查研究,遵循自然和经济规律,统筹规划,系统修复,坚持保护优先、自然修复为主的方针,加强国土空间规划的统筹协调、引领指导等对策。The geological background of the Yunnan plateau in the study area is complex,with significant uplift caused by the Himalayan orogeny,intense neotectonic movements,and pronounced variations in fault block elevation.The long-term shaping of internal and external dynamic geological processes has formed a modern ecological geological environment pattern with significant regional differences,diversity,and vulnerability.Therefore,the study of ecological vulnerability in high-altitude mountainous areas has always been an important issue facing the construction of ecological civilization in Yunnan Province.Currently,there are limited achievements in vulnerability research for specific regions within the province,and there is a lack of regional,comprehensive,and systematic research and analysis throughout the province.In order to improve the scientific compilation of national spatial planning and ecological restoration planning,as well as the feasibility and effectiveness of various restoration and governance projects,it is necessary to strengthen the investigation of ecological geological environment.Additionally,it is essential to enhance the identification and diagnosis of ecological problems,highlighting the importance of understanding these problems through the lens of nature principles,local conditions,and systematic restoration efforts.This article aims to systematically analyze the vulnerability characteristics of the ecological geological environment on the Yunnan plateau from the perspective of land and space protection and restoration in Yunnan Province.The manifestations of vulnerability are thoroughly analyzed,including geology,geomorphology,surface material composition,meteorological and hydrological characteristics,ecological patterns,etc.Based on the sensitivity of the ecological geological environment to external interference and limited self-recovery ability,four typical types of vulnerable ecological environments are identified:karst rocky mountains,plateau lakes,dry-hot valleys,and highaltitude mountai

关 键 词：生态脆弱性 岩溶石山 高原湖泊 干热河谷 高寒山地 生态修复 云南高原 

分 类 号：X171.4[环境科学与工程—环境科学]