滇东岩溶高原山区地质灾害分布规律  

Study on distribution law of geological disasters in karst mountainous area of east Yunnan

作　　者：张杰 张卫锋 魏蕾 代旭升 张文鋆 ZHANG Jie;ZHANG Weifeng;WEI Lei;DAI Xusheng;ZHANG Wenjun(Yunnan Institute of Geo-Environment Monitoring,Kunming,Yunnan 650216,China;Yunnan Key Laboratory of Geohazard Forecast and Geoecological Restoration in Plateau Mountainous Area,Kunming,Yunnan 650216,China;Key Laboratory of Geohazard Forecast and Geoecological Restoration in Plateau Mountainous Area,MNR,Kunming,Yunnan 650216,China;Faculty of Land Resources Engineering,Kunming University of Science and Technology,Kunming,Yunnan 650093,China)

机构地区：[1]云南省地质环境监测院,云南昆明650216 [2]云南省高原山地地质灾害预报预警与生态保护修复重点实验室(筹),云南昆明650216 [3]自然资源部高原山地地质灾害预报预警与生态保护修复重点实验室,云南昆明650216 [4]昆明理工大学国土资源工程学院,云南昆明650093

出　　处：《中国岩溶》2024年第6期1350-1361,共12页Carsologica Sinica

基　　金：云南省地质灾害综合防治体系建设(2013-2020年);云南省应急管理专家组课题研究--云南省地质灾害应急监测预警及处置措施研究(YNYJZJZ03-2017-01);中国地质调查局县(市、区)地质灾害详细调查计划(2013-2016年)。

摘　　要：文章是在1∶5万地质灾害详细调查、精细化调查与风险评价的基础上,针对滇东高原高山峡谷、岩溶石山区的特点,通过开展数据统计与定性分析相结合的方法,从地形地貌、斜坡结构类型、地质构造、工程地质岩组等方面,详细阐述研究区地质灾害分布特征及规律。结果表明:(1)研究区地质灾害分布特征呈由北向南逐渐递减的态势,北部高山峡谷-河谷斜坡区地质灾害最发育,是中部高原盆地地质灾害发育数量的2~3倍;(2)研究区地质灾害主要分布在坡向90°~135°、225°~270°以及270°~315°地段,总数4249处,占地质灾害总数的39.88%,与北东-南西向、南北向的构造形迹具有一定相关性;(3)在断裂带交汇处或主断裂走向发生变化地段地质灾害最发育,且走滑型逆断裂上、下两盘地质灾害分布具有明显的“上盘效应”;(4)研究区含泥岩、页岩软弱夹层的顺层斜坡体中灾害最为发育,有2995处,占灾害总数的31.94%;正交结构的斜坡体没有天然的介质分界面,不易形成贯通性的结构滑动面,地质灾害不发育,仅901处,占灾害总数的9.61%;(5)含软弱夹层的碳酸盐岩组,受地表(下)水影响强烈,易形成“上硬下软、头重脚轻”的易灾结构体,是研究区地质灾害最为发育的岩组。Based on a comprehensive and detailed investigation,coupled with a risk assessment of geological disasters at a scale of 1∶50,000 in the study area,this paper focuses on the unique characteristics of high mountain valleys and karst rock mountains prevalent within the region.Through a combination of data statistics and qualitative analysis,the distribution patterns and laws of geological disasters in the study area are meticulously elaborated in terms of landform,slope structure type,geological structure,geological engineering,and rock formation.The findings are listed as followings:(1)The terrain in northeast Yunnan is characterized by significant relief,with deep river valleys predominantly located along the plateau edges and valley slopes.Consequently,the distribution of geological disasters gradually diminishes from north to south,with a mean density of 8.62 per 100 km^(2).The northern alpine valleys and valley slope areas exhibit the most developed geological disasters,which are approximately 2 to 3 times more numerous than those in the central plateau basin.(2)Geological disasters are more prevalent in the geomorphic units dominated by the edges of plateaus and slopes of river valleys,with a total of 3,161 occurrences,which accounts for 29.67% of all recorded disasters.The geological disasters are not developed in the plateau areas of central and east Yunnan,where the plateau morphology is relatively intact and the terrain is gentle,with only 87 occurrences,accounting for 0.82% of the total disasters.(3)The geological disasters in the study area are mainly distributed in sections with slopes of 10°-30°,totaling of 7,028 occurrences,which account for 66.62% of all geological disasters.In contrast,the sections with slopes greater than 40°exhibit the fewest geological disasters,with only 797 occurrences,representing 7.55% of the total.Additionally,geological disasters in the study area are primarily concentrated in slope sections with orientations of 90°-135°,225°-270°,and 270°-315°,totaling 4,249 oc

关 键 词：岩溶高原 地质灾害 分布规律 上盘效应 易灾结构体 

分 类 号：P694[天文地球—地质学] P642.25