论社会救助法中赡养义务的规范构造  

On the Normative Construction of Support Obligations in Social Assistance Law

作　　者：韩君玲[1] 路振国 HAN Junling;LU Zhenguo(Law School,Beijing Institute of Technology,Beijing 100081,China)

机构地区：[1]北京理工大学法学院,北京100081

出　　处：《北京理工大学学报(社会科学版)》2025年第2期115-124,共10页Journal of Beijing Institute of Technology:Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家社科基金重点项目“养老服务体系建设的立法研究”(22AFX022)。

摘　　要：社会救助的相关法律制度对获得社会救助的法定要件规定不明确,以及社会救助与赡养义务二者关系的立法存在模糊性,导致社会救助申领条件在实践中过于严苛,并由此引发赡养义务人不履行义务时社会救助对象无法获得救助从而陷入事实贫困。为了厘清社会救助与赡养义务之间的关系,需要对中央和地方两个层面的立法实况进行分析,前者主要是宪法、法律和行政法规,后者主要是省级和设区的市级地方性法规、省级和市级地方政府规章等。从社会救助与赡养义务之间关系的立法实况中揭示赡养义务并非社会救助的实质要件,赡养义务和社会救助是事实上的顺位关系。为促进社会救助制度的健康发展,应从明确获得社会救助法定要件、以“核心家庭”确定共同生活家庭成员的范围、建立社会救助先行给付制度三个方面来推进社会救助制度中赡养义务的立法完善。The legal system governing social assistance lacks clear provisions regarding the statutory criteria for eligibility and presents ambiguities concerning the relationship between social assistance and maintenance obligations.These shortcomings result in excessively stringent conditions for applying for social assistance in practice.Consequently,when the person responsible for maintenance fails to fulfill their obligations,the potential beneficiaries of social assistance may be unable to access aid,thereby falling into actual poverty.To clarify the relationship between social assistance and maintenance obligations,it is necessary to analyze the legislative practices at both central and local levels.The central level includes the Constitution,laws,and administrative regulations,while the local level consists primarily of provincial and municipal regulations,as well as provincial and municipal government rules.An analysis of the legislative practices concerning the relationship between social assistance and maintenance obligations reveals that the maintenance obligation is not a substantive requirement for social assistance,and that there is a sequential relationship between the two.To promote the healthy development of the social assistance system,legislative improvements should focus on three aspects:clarifying the statutory requirements for receiving social assistance,defining the scope of family members living together based on the“nuclear family”,and establishing a social assistance preliminary payment system.

关 键 词：社会救助 社会救助法 赡养义务 事实贫困 国家责任 

分 类 号：DF391.3[政治法律—宪法学与行政法学]