历史的必然与现实的偶然:百灵庙自治运动起因探析  

The Necessity of History and the Chance of Reality:An Analysis of the Causes of the Bailing Temple Autonomy Movement

作　　者：蒲生华 Pu Shenghua

机构地区：[1]《青海师范大学学报》编辑部,青海西宁810008

出　　处：《高原文化研究》2024年第4期36-45,共10页Plateau Culture Research

摘　　要：1933年秋,以德王为首的内蒙古王公,以及一些接受过新教育、新思想的内蒙古青年在百灵庙发起的自治运动,是中国近代史上的一起重大历史事件。此事件的产生既有历史的必然,也有现实的偶然。民国改元后,外部列强虎视鹰瞵,内部军阀割据混战,处在“内忧外患”之中的国民政府对蒙古地区无暇顾及,基本采取放任和漠视的态度。其设置的处理蒙事机构敷衍塞责,积弊成堆;国家耗资培养的内蒙古青年人才,闲置不用。国民政府在内蒙古推行的设省置县、放垦蒙荒等改革措施,或多或少地触碰到了内蒙古王公和一些民众的利益,引发内蒙古民众的强烈不满。加之外蒙古在苏俄的怂恿下由自治而独立,内蒙古东部又沦陷于日本侵略者,使内蒙古西部陷于前所未有的危机之中。1932年冬,德王等十余名蒙古王公赴京,目的是借向中央建言处理内蒙古事宜之机,意欲谋取蒙古王公代表团驻京办事处负责人及蒙藏委员会委员之职。孰料其意愿即将达成之际,中途又突生变数而功亏一篑。就在内蒙古处于这些历史积淀的必然因素和内蒙古王公进京谋职未果的偶然事件驱使下,内蒙古西部王公及青年派“以救危亡,而固国防”的名义,在百灵庙发起自治运动,意欲成立内蒙古自治政府,实行高度自治。In the autumn of 1933,the Inner Mongolian nobles led by Prince De,as well as some Inner Mongolian youth who had received new education and ideas,initiated the autonomy movement at Bailing Temple,which was a major historical event in modern Chinese history.The emergence of this event is both a historical inevitability and a practical coincidence.After the reform of the Republic of China,external powers watched closely,while internal warlords fought fiercely.The nationalist government,which was in the midst of internal and external troubles,had no time to pay attention to the Mongolian region and adopted a laissez faire and indifferent attitude.The organization set up to handle the affairs was perfunctory and accumulated numerous problems;the young talents from Inner Mongolia that the country has invested in cultivating are idle and unused.The reform measures implemented by the nationalist government in Inner Mongolia,such as establishing provinces and counties,and reclaiming Mongolian land,have more or less touched upon the interests of Inner Mongolian nobles and some people,causing strong dissatisfaction among the Inner Mongolian people.In addition,Outer Mongolia gained independence from autonomy under the instigation of Soviet Russia,while the eastern part of Inner Mongolia fell into the hands of Japanese aggressors,causing an unprecedented crisis in the western part of Inner Mongolia.In the winter of 1932,more than ten Mongolian princes,including Prince De,went to Beijing with the aim of seeking the position of head of the Mongolian prince delegation's office in Beijing and member of the Mongolian Tibetan Committee by providing suggestions to the central government on handling Inner Mongolian affairs.Unexpectedly,just as his intention was about to be fulfilled,a sudden change occurred midway and his efforts fell short.Driven by the inevitable factors of historical accumulation and the accidental event of Inner Mongolian nobles failing to seek employment in Beijing,the western Inner Mongolian nobles and youth fa

关 键 词：百灵庙 内蒙古自治运动 德王 内蒙古青年派 

分 类 号：K26[历史地理—历史学]