砂型增材制造表面质量精准调控工艺  

Precise Regulation Process of Surface Quality of Sand Mold Additive Manufacturing

作　　者：宋魏飞 单忠德 杨浩秦 任洪稳 闫丹丹 姜二彪 SONG Weifei;SHAN Zhongde;YANG Haoqin;REN Hongwen;YAN Dandan;JIANG Erbiao(College of Materials Science and Technology,Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics,Nanjing 211106,China;State Key Laboratory of Mechanics and Control for Aerospace Structures,Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China;College of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering,Nanjing University of Aeronautics&Astronautics,Nanjing 210016,China;GENERTEC Machine Tool Engineering Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Beijing 100000,China)

机构地区：[1]南京航空航天大学材料科学与技术学院,南京211106 [2]南京航空航天大学航空航天结构力学及控制全国重点实验室,南京210016 [3]南京航空航天大学机电学院,南京210016 [4]通用技术集团机床工程研究院有限公司,北京100000

出　　处：《南京航空航天大学学报(自然科学版)》2025年第1期34-44,共11页Journal of Nanjing University of Aeronautics & Astronautics

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFB3401200);装备预研专用技术项目(30104040302);江苏省基础研究计划(自然科学基金)青年基金(BK20230885);教育部可持续制造国际合作联合实验室,中央高校基本科研业务费(NG2024012)。

摘　　要：针对砂型增材制造出现的成形精度和表面质量不高等问题,本文系统地研究了打印工艺参数和砂型表面粗糙度之间的关系,并验证砂型打印自适应切片优化砂型表面质量的可行性。通过设计定倾角砂型打印响应面实验研究树脂质量百分数、分层层厚和型砂目数对砂型表面粗糙度的影响,优化打印工艺参数,设计变倾角砂型打印正交试验研究分层层厚和打印倾角影响砂型表面粗糙度的显著性,并选取叶轮下砂型验证自适应切片工艺。研究结果表明:树脂质量百分数2.08%、分层厚度0.3 mm、型砂100/200目时,定倾角砂型具有较好的表面质量。在打印竖直方向上具有曲率变化的砂型时,打印倾角对砂型打印样件表面粗糙度影响较大,并提出一种自适应分层切片工艺打印叶轮下砂型,与传统等厚分层工艺相比,尺寸精度和表面粗糙度分别提高了约51.03%和30.11%。本文基于砂型打印表面粗糙度开展基础工艺调控研究,相关研究结论有助于进一步实现复杂结构砂型高精高效增材制造。Aiming at the problems of poor forming accuracy and low surface quality in sand mold additive manufacturing,this paper systematically studies the relationship between printing process parameters and sand mold surface roughness,and verifies the feasibility of sand mold printing adaptive slicing for optimizing sand mold surface quality.The influence of resin content,layer thickness and sand mesh on sand surface roughness is studied by designing the response surface experiment of sand print with constant inclination angle,and the printing process parameters are optimized.The orthogonal test of sand print with variable inclination angle is designed to study the significance of layer thickness and print angle on sand surface roughness,and the impeller sand mold is selected to verify the adaptive slicing process.The results show that the surface quality of sand mold with constant angle is better when resin content is 2.08%,layer thickness is 0.3 mm and sand is 100/200 mesh.When the sand mold with curvature change in the vertical direction is printed,the printing angle has a great influence on the surface roughness of the sand sample.An adaptive slicing process is proposed to print the impeller sand mold.Compared with the sand mold prepared by traditional equal thickness stratification,the dimensional accuracy and surface roughness of the sand mold with adaptive layering are increased by about 51.03%and 30.11%.The basic process control research based on the surface roughness of sand mold printing is carried out.The relevant research conclusions are helpful to realize the high precision and high efficiency additive manufacturing of sand mold with complex structure.

关 键 词：砂型增材制造 表面粗糙度 自适应切片 工艺优化 高精高效制造 

分 类 号：TG242.1[金属学及工艺—铸造]