戏曲濒危剧种生存现状与发展研究  

Study on the Survival Status and Development of Endangered Opera Genres

作　　者：王璐瑶 朱恒夫[3,4,5] Wang Luyao;Zhu Hengfu(the School of Media,Xinyang Normal University;the Postdoctoral Mobile Station of Chinese Language and Literature,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai,200234;Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai,200234;Art Department,Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai,200234;the Academic Committee of Shanghai Normal University,Shanghai,200234)

机构地区：[1]信阳师范大学传媒学院 [2]上海师范大学中国语言文学博士后流动站,上海200234 [3]上海师范大学,上海200234 [4]上海师范大学艺术学部,上海200234 [5]上海师范大学学术委员会,上海200234

出　　处：《民族艺术研究》2025年第1期100-109,共10页Ethnic Art Studies

基　　金：国家社科基金艺术学重大项目“当代戏曲生态现状与发展研究”(项目批准号:24ZD04);河南省哲社项目“新世纪河南戏曲现代戏创演得失与高质量发展路径探索”(项目批准号:24CYS043)的阶段性研究成果。

摘　　要：在现存的348个戏曲剧种中,至少有三分之一为濒危剧种。濒危的主要原因有:受方言限制,传播面较窄,受众受限;声腔音乐与表演技艺停滞不前;濒危剧种剧团人才严重匮乏;乡村空心化使观众数量锐减;主管部门的导向与大多数濒危剧种的艺术特性不吻合,剧团未按照自己的条件与特点来发展。保护、传承与发展濒危剧种的意义有:剧目为人们了解剧种所在地区历史与文化的重要窗口;表现了戏曲文化的丰富性与多样性;能给未来的诸种艺术提供宝贵的营养;许多濒危剧种是戏曲的“活化石”,具有了解戏曲早期艺术形态的功能。保护、传承与发展濒危剧种的方略为:对濒危剧种进行等级评定,然后按照其级别归口管理,并订立科学的评价体系,定期请第三方评审;剧团须根据自身条件进行剧目生产;采取得力措施,保障剧团的稳定;政府财政下发的惠民演出经费须根据演出剧目的情况来确定。Among the 348 existing opera genres, at least one third of them are endangered. The main reasons for the endangerment include: narrower dissemination and limited audience due to the limitation of dialects;stagnation of vocal music and performance skills;serious lack of talents in the troupes of endangered operas;hollowing out of the countryside, which leads to a drastic decrease in the number of audiences;the orientation of the managerial authorities does not match with the artistic characteristics of most of the endangered operas, and troupes have not developed in accordance with their own conditions and characteristics. The significance of the protection, inheritance and development of endangered opera varieties includes: the repertoire is an important window for people to understand the history and culture of the region where the repertoire is located;it expresses the richness and diversity of the opera culture;it can provide valuable nutrients for the future of the arts;many endangered varieties of opera are the “living fossils” of the opera, which provides functions to understand the early artistic form of the opera. The strategies for the protection, inheritance and development of endangered operas are as follows: to assess the level of endangered operas, then manage them according to their level, set up a scientific evaluation system, and invite a third party to review them regularly;to produce operas according to the conditions of the troupes;to take effective measures to ensure the stability of the troupes;and to determine the government funding for the performances for the benefit of the people according to the performance.

关 键 词：戏曲濒危剧种 生存现状 保护与传承 发展方略 

分 类 号：J802[艺术—戏剧戏曲]