消毒剂促进细菌抗菌药物耐受性/耐药性产生和传播机制研究进展  

Advancements on mechanisms of bacterial antibiotic tolerance/resistance promoted by disinfectants

作　　者：崔润博 陈渺渺 洪守强 李嘉豪 杨琼 赵西林[1] Cui Runbo;Chen Miaomiao;Hong Shouqiang;Li Jiahao;Yang Qiong;Zhao Xilin(State Key Laboratory of Vaccines for Infectious Diseases,State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics,School of Public Health,Xiamen University,Xiamen 361102)

机构地区：[1]传染病疫苗研发全国重点实验室,分子疫苗学和分子诊断学国家重点实验室,厦门大学公共卫生学院,厦门361102

出　　处：《中国抗生素杂志》2025年第2期160-170,共11页Chinese Journal of Antibiotics

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(No.82172316)。

摘　　要：消毒剂有效地帮助人类杀灭有害微生物,在防止新型冠状病毒(Corona Virus Disease 2019,COVID-19)传染过程中,消毒剂的使用量激增。消毒剂的过量使用不仅会对环境造成破坏与污染,更为隐蔽的一个后果是促进细菌抗菌药物耐受性/耐药性的产生和传播,将成为全球公共卫生的又一大挑战。目前的研究证明,基因突变与水平转移、外排泵编码基因表达上调和孔蛋白编码基因表达下调、生物膜和应激反应是消毒剂促进细菌抗菌药物耐受性/耐药性的主要机制。本文总结了近些年的研究成果,阐述了主要的消毒剂促进病原菌耐药机制,并列出了几点建议,希望以此来延缓消毒剂介导的细菌抗菌药物耐受性/耐药性的产生和传播,为更好地进行临床抗感染治疗提供借鉴与指导。Disinfectants effectively help humans fight against harmful microorganisms.During the COVID-19 pandemic,the use of disinfectants has surged extensively.The excessive use of disinfectants may not only cause damage and contamination to the environment,but it may also promote the development and spread of bacterial antibiotic tolerance/resistance,which could become another major challenge for global public health.Current studies showed that genetic mutation,horizontal gene transfer,up-regulated expression of efflux pump-coding genes and down-regulated expression of porin-coding genes,biofilm formation,and stress response were the main mechanisms by which disinfectants promote bacterial antibiotic tolerance/resistance.This article summarized recent research results,described these main mechanisms by which disinfectants promote pathogen resistance,and offered some advice and suggestions with the goal of helping delay the emergence and spread of bacterial antibiotic tolerance/resistance.This work was expected to provide references and guidance for better control and treatment of clinical infections.

关 键 词：消毒剂 抗菌药物耐受性 抗菌药物耐药性 促进机制 

分 类 号：R978.1[医药卫生—药品]