1992—2021年蒙古国西部湖泊面积和数量变化特征  

Characterization of lake area and number change in western Mongolia from 1992 to 2021

作　　者：杨松 周宏飞[1] 闫英杰 YANG Song;ZHOU Hongfei;YAN Yingjie(Xinjiang Institute of Ecology and Geography,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Urumqi 830011,China;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院新疆生态与地理研究所,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《中国科学院大学学报(中英文)》2025年第2期176-185,共10页Journal of University of Chinese Academy of Sciences

基　　金：新疆维吾尔自治区区域协同创新专项(2021E01019);国家重点研发计划—政府间国际科技创新合作项目(2022YFE0119400)资助。

摘　　要：以Landsat影像为数据源,基于Google Earth Engine(GEE)提取1992—2021年面积大于1 km^(2)的湖泊,进行面积变化的时空变化特征分析,并结合气象数据和社会经济数据进行归因分析。结果表明:1)湖泊面积变化表现出明显的阶段性特征。1992—1996年湖泊面积呈扩张趋势,1996年后湖泊面积呈减少趋势。不同大小等级湖泊变化差异较大,大型湖泊和中型湖泊相对稳定,小型湖泊减少幅度较大;2)湖泊面积的变化呈现明显的空间分异特征。科布多省和戈壁阿尔泰省的湖泊面积呈现先减少后增加的变化趋势,而乌布苏省和扎布汗省的湖泊面积呈现先增加后减少的变化趋势;3)环境因素对蒙古国西部湖泊面积的影响存在明显的时空差异。夏季均温和潜在蒸散发的增加对1992—2001年间科布多省和戈壁阿尔泰省的湖泊面积减少有负面影响;而人类活动对1996—2019年间乌布苏省和扎布汗省的湖泊面积萎缩有影响,其中农业灌溉和过度放牧均起负面作用。Climate change and human activities have impacted greatly on many lakes in western Mongolia,whereas they were seldom studied.Using Landsat images as the data source,lakes with an area larger than 1 km^(2) from 1992 to 2021 were extracted based on Google Earth Engine(GEE).Spatio-temporal changes of lake area were characterized,and causes were analyzed combining meteorological data and socioeconomic data.The results showed that:1)The change of lake area could be divided into two phases,i.e.,the expansion phase from 1992 to 1996 and the shrinking phase after 1996;2)There are obvious spatial variations in lake area change.In Khovd Province and Gobi-Altai Provinces lake area shows a trend of decreasing first and then increasing,whereas the trend is opposite in Uvs Province and Zavkhan Provinces;3)The causes are obvious different temporally and spatially.The increase of summer mean temperature and potential evapotranspiration had a negative impact on the decrease of lake area in Khovd Province and Gobi-Altai Provinces during 1992-2001.However,human activities,including agricultural irrigation and overgrazing,were the dominant negative drivers for the shrinkage of lakes in Uvs Province and Zavkhan Provinces from 1996 to 2019.

关 键 词：蒙古国西部 湖泊 干旱区 时空变化 影响因素 遥感 

分 类 号：P964[天文地球—自然地理学]