帧差与时空图像测速相结合的非接触测流研究  

Research on non-contact measurement based on the combination of frame difference and spatio-temporal image velocimetry

作　　者：赵勤霞 顾声龙 陈中华 柏文文 ZHAO Qinxia;GU Shenglong;CHEN Zhonghua;BAI Wenwen(School of Civil Engineering and Water Resources,Qinghai University,Xining 810000,China;Laboratory of Ecological Protection and High Quality Development in the Upper Yellow River,Xining 810000,China;Key Laboratory of Water Ecology Remediation and Protection at Headwater Regions of Big Rivers,Ministry of Water Resources,Xining 810000,China;Hydrological and Water Resources Monitoring and Forecasting Center of Qinghai Province,Xining 810000,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学土木水利学院,青海西宁810000 [2]黄河上游生态保护与高质量发展实验室,青海西宁810000 [3]水利部江河源区水生态治理与保护重点实验室,青海西宁810000 [4]青海省水文水资源测报中心,青海西宁810000

出　　处：《测绘通报》2025年第2期28-34,共7页Bulletin of Surveying and Mapping

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(52369016,52209092);国家重点研发计划(2023YFC3206303)。

摘　　要：天然河道流量监测工作是水文测验的重要工作之一,对水资源管理调度、防洪减灾等方面都发挥着至关重要的作用。时空图像测速(STIV)具有原理简单、实时性强、安全性高等优点。然而,该方法测量也具有一定的局限性,如在天然河道流速、流量较小、示踪不明显的情况下,生成的时空图不能产生有效的纹理结构,这极大地影响了纹理主方向的检测,从而影响了算法的准确性。针对上述问题,本文提出了一种帧间差分与局部傅里叶最大角度分析相结合的方法,利用帧间差分法计算出连续两帧图像之间像素差异,捕捉识别出河道发生细微变化的部分,得到的运动显著性图与原图像叠加,生成时空图像(STI),利用局部傅里叶最大角度分析的方法计算时空图的纹理主方向,因此,提高了时空图像测速算法的稳健性和准确性。最后利用天然河道拍摄的水流视频计算出的结果与流速仪法测得的结果进行比测试验。结果表明,在流速、流量较小、示踪不足的情况下,本文方法在纹理主方向、平均流速和流量计算上,精度有明显提升,流速测量的稳定性和实时性好。As an important part of hydrometry,river discharge monitoring plays an irreplaceable role in water resources management and scheduling,flood prevention and disaster reduction.Spatio-temporal image velocimetry(STIV)has the advantages of simple principle,high real-time and security.However,the measurement method also has certain limitations,such as the flow and velocity is small,and the tracing is not obvious,the spatio-temporal image can not produce an effective texture structure,which greatly affects the detection of main direction of the texture,thereby affecting the accuracy of the algorithm.In order to solve the above problems,in this paper,combination of inter-frame difference and the local Fourier maximum angle analysis is proposed,which uses the inter-frame difference method to calculate the pixel difference between two consecutive frames of images,captures and identifies the minor changes of the river,and superimposes the kinematic saliency map with the original video to generate spatio-temporal image(STI),and uses the method of local Fourier maximum angle analysis to calculate the main direction of the texture of the spatio-temporal image,which improves the robustness and accuracy of the spatio-temporal image velocimetry algorithm.In this paper,the results are calculated by using the video filmed in the river compared with the measurement results of the propeller current meter,which show that in the case of small velocity and river discharge and insufficient tracer,the accuracy of this paper s method in the calculation of the average velocity and river discharge has been significantly improved,the stability and real-time performance of the velocity measurement is good.

关 键 词：时空图像测速 帧差法 纹理主方向 局部傅里叶最大角度分析法 

分 类 号：P237[天文地球—摄影测量与遥感]