程序法视野中罪数困境的现实出路  

The Realistic Solution to the Dilemma of the Crime Number In the Perspective of Procedural Law

作　　者：许洋瀚 Xu Yanghan(Zhongnan University of Economics and Law,Wuhan 430073,China)

机构地区：[1]中南财经政法大学刑事司法学院,湖北武汉430073

出　　处：《湖北警官学院学报》2025年第1期126-138,共13页Journal of Hubei University of Police

摘　　要：对某一犯罪事实经过起诉、审判后,可能发现另一犯罪事实。其中的两个犯罪事实可能被认为构成同一自然事件、成立一罪或以一罪论处。是否允许对另一犯罪事实起诉、审判,这是罪数理论渗入刑事程序中产生的难题。尽管可能对不同刑事审判对象制度与自然事件标准、罪数标准进行搭配后形成理论最优解,相关司法文件却在“判决宣告后刑罚执行完毕前”的同种漏罪场合,依不同审级作出了不同的处理说明,突破了两种标准为判决确定力预设的框架。在罪数论体系中,检察机关与法院在“认识层面的罪数”“评价层面的罪数”中均是相对独立的判断主体,惟法院可于“科刑层面的罪数”中,依罪刑均衡的要求对“评价层面的数罪”考虑刑罚的适用。因此,“科刑层面的一罪”所产生的确定力允许检察机关对遗漏的犯罪事实再次起诉,禁止法院突破该确定力对此事实科处刑罚。刑法未明确规定数罪并罚的具体情状,这一留白恰好能为以上做法提供可行的根据。After a certain criminal fact is prosecuted and tried, another criminal fact is discovered.These two facts may be considered to constitute the same natural event, establish onecrime, or be punished as one crime. Whether to allow the prosecution and trial of the other criminalfact is a difficult problem that arises from the infiltration of the crime number theory into thecriminal procedure. Although it is possible to form a theoretical optimal solution by combiningdifferent criminal trial object systems with natural event standards or crime number standards,relevant judicial documents have provided different processing instructions according to differenttrial levels in the case of the same omitted crime "after the judgment is announced and before theexecution of the punishment is completed", breaking through the framework preset by the twostandards for the determinacy of the judgment. In the system of the crime number theory, the prosecutorand court are relatively independent judgment subjects in the "crime number at the cognitivelevel" and "crime number at the evaluative level". Only the court can consider the applicationof punishment for the "several crimes at the evaluative level" in accordance with the requirementof balance between crime and punishment in the "crime number at the sentencing level".Thus, the certainty generated by the "crime number at the sentencing level" allows the prosecutorto prosecute the omitted criminal facts again, and prohibits the court from exceeding this certaintyto impose actual punishment on the matter. The Criminal Law does not clearly stipulate the specificcircumstances of combined punishment for multiple crimes, and this blank space can providea feasible basis for the above approach.

关 键 词：罪数论 审判对象 确定力 同种漏罪 

分 类 号：D914[政治法律—刑法学]