基于全量企业大数据的中国城市间制造业产业转移特征挖掘  

Mining The Characteristics of Manufacturing Industry Relocation Between Chinese Cities Based on Full-scale Enterprise Big Data

作　　者：孙祥栋 武佳琦 洪群联[3] Sun Xiangdong;Wu Jiaqi;Hong Qunlian

机构地区：[1]北京化工大学经济管理学院 [2]北京市习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心 [3]中国宏观经济研究院产业经济与技术经济研究所

出　　处：《宏观经济研究》2025年第1期92-105,共14页Macroeconomics

基　　金：北京市习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想研究中心项目“中国新型城镇化发展的丰富内涵和世界意义”(21LLYJB103)的资助。

摘　　要：本文使用中国工商注册全量企业大数据,对2012-2022年全国337个城市31个制造业二位数行业的产业转移情况展开研究。结果发现近十年来中国制造业产业集聚与扩散并存但以转移扩散为主,制造业产业转移总体符合“东部-中西部”的区域梯度转移规律。其中,劳动密集型产业以东部城市间转移为主,部分中部城市承接特色产业的趋势明显;资本密集型产业转移扩散点多面广,中西部和东北地区具有优越的区域赋;技术密集型产业发展东部城市仍有优势,中西部城市竞争力持续增强。此外,制造业转出/承接城市空间扎堆,中西部产业承接城市集中连片。建议应进一步加强宏观引导,完善制造业产业转移机制体系;深化区域分工,畅通制造业产业转移国内大循环;融合多源大数据,服务制造业产业转移监测预警。In this article,we use the big data of all enterprises registered in China's industrial and commercial registers to study the industrial relocation of 31 two-digit manufacturing industries in 337 cities in China from 2012 to 2022.It is found that in the past ten years,China's manufacturing industry agglomeration and diffusion coexisted,but the main relocation diffusion,and the relocation of manufacturing industry in general conforms to the regional gradient transfer law of‘East-Central and West'.Among them,labor-intensive industries are mainly relocated between cities in the east,and some cities in central China have obvious tendency to undertake characteristic industries;capitalintensive industries are relocated and diffused to a wide range of points,and the central,western and northeastern regions have superior regional endow-ments;technology-intensive industries are still dominant in eastern cities,and the competitiveness of central and western cities continues to increase.In addition,the space of manufacturing industry relocating out/taking over cities is piled up,and the cities taking over industries in central and western China are centralized and contiguous.It is suggested that the macro-guidance should be further strengthened to improve the mechanism and system of manufacturing industry relocation;the regional division of labor should be deepened to smooth the domestic cycle of manufacturing industry relocation;and the multi-source big data should be integrated to serve the monitoring and early warning of manufacturing industry relocation.

关 键 词：制造业 产业转移 全量企业大数据 中国城市 

分 类 号：F42[经济管理—产业经济]