小型模块化核反应堆海水淡化技术  

Seawater Desalination Technology Using Small Modular Nuclear Reactors

作　　者：郝晓地[1] 朱开宇 刘然彬 HAO Xiao-di;ZHU Kai-yu;LIU Ran-bin(Sino-Dutch R&D Centre for Future Wastewater Treatment Technologies,Key Laboratory of Urban Stormwater System and Water Environment,Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,Beijing 100044,China)

机构地区：[1]北京建筑大学城市雨水系统与水环境教育部重点实验室中-荷未来污水处理技术研发中心,北京100044

出　　处：《中国给水排水》2025年第4期1-8,共8页China Water & Wastewater

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(52170018);北京建筑大学研究生创新项目(PG2024081)。

摘　　要：应对全球淡水短缺危机,海水淡化技术是一种可持续的供水解决方案。而传统以化石能源为动力的海水淡化在气候变化大背景下则显得不合时宜,发展清洁或低碳能源动力驱动淡化是当务之急。其中,小型模块化反应堆(SMR)作为一种低碳、便捷的核动力能源展现出了一定优势。SMR建设投资门槛降低,可灵活分散布置,安全可靠,其潜在应用可助力海水淡化持续发展。SMR耦合海水淡化亦可错峰满载制氢,从而降低制水成本,有望实现2 kW·h/m^(3)的能耗和2元/m^(3)的成本。此外,卤水资源化带来的经济附加值以及对环境的低程度影响,利于SMR耦合海水淡化为沿海/海岛乃至近海(100~200 km)缺水地区提供稳定的低价淡水资源。To address the phenomena of global freshwater shortage,desalination could serve as a sustainable approach to water supply.However,in the context of global climate change,desalination powered by fossil fuels is no longer appropriate,and transitioning to cleaner or low-carbon energy sources must be a top priority for powering desalination.As a low-carbon and convenient nuclear source,small modular nuclear reactors(SMR)show great promise.SMR are characterized by low in investment costs,flexible decentralized installation,and high safety standards,making them a potential driver for advancing desalination technologies.Furthermore,SMR coupled with desalination could produce hydrogen with full capacity during off-peak power usage periods,reducing the cost of freshwater price to 2 yuan/m^(3) with an energy consumption of 2 kW·h/m^(3).In addition to the benefits of brine utilization and reduced environmental impact,SMR-based desalination could provide a sustainable and low-cost freshwater supply for coastal areas,island,and even offshore areas(100-200 km away).

关 键 词：海水淡化 低碳能源 小型模块化核反应堆 卤水 

分 类 号：TU991[建筑科学—市政工程]