行业间人力资本错配、人力资本效能提升与劳动供给  

Inter-industry Human Capital Misallocation,Human Capital Efficiency Improvement and Labor Supply

作　　者：刘子菁 郑维 LIU Zijing;ZHENG Wei(School of Marxism,Sichuan Normal University,Chengdu 610066,China;School of International Relations,Jinan University,Guangzhou 510000,China;Institute of Overseas Chinese Studies,Jinan University,Guangzhou 510000,China)

机构地区：[1]四川师范大学马克思主义学院,成都610066 [2]暨南大学国际关系学院,广州510000 [3]暨南大学华侨华人研究院,广州510000

出　　处：《云南财经大学学报》2025年第3期19-33,共15页Journal of Yunnan University of Finance and Economics

基　　金：成都市哲学社会科学项目“成都构建与新质生产力相适应的‘人口-人力-人才’生态链路径研究”(2024CS107)。

摘　　要：人力资本有效配置对促进新质生产力形成至关重要。采用跨部门均衡模型核算中国2004—2020年19个行业间人力资本错配指数,并将错配指数与中国劳动力动态调查(CLDS)微观数据匹配,研究行业间人力资本错配、人力资本效能提升与劳动供给的内在关系。研究发现,中国行业间人力资本配置冗余与不足并存,呈现为农林牧渔业、公共服务部门和行政垄断部门长期配置冗余,居民服务和其他服务业、制造业和部分生产性高端服务业配置不足的特征,错配程度整体趋于改善,但部分行业有错配加剧的情况,配置改善空间仍然较大。行业间人力资本错配会增加劳动者技能错配概率,降低其劳动生产率,阻碍人力资本效能提升,进而对个体劳动供给存在显著挤出效应。这种挤出效应容易引发就业“马太效应”,使人力资本配置不足行业、低家庭收入和低工作经验劳动者陷入错配固化状态。The effective allocation of human capital is crucial for promoting the formation of new quality productive forces.This study employs a cross-sector equilibrium model to calculate the inter-industry human capital misallocation index for 19 industries in China from 2004 to 2020,and matches the misallocation index with microdata from the China Labor-force Dynamics Survey(CLDS)to investigate the intrinsic relationships between inter-industry human capital misallocation,human capital efficiency improvement,and labor supply.The findings reveal that China faces both surplus and insufficient allocation of human capital across industries.Specifically,the agricultural,forestry,animal husbandry,and fishery sectors,public service departments,and administrative monopoly sectors exhibit persistent surplus allocation,while the residential service industry,other service industries,manufacturing,and certain high-end productive service industries suffer from insufficient allocation.Although the overall degree of misallocation has shown signs of improvement,some industries exhibit worsening misallocation,leaving significant room for optimization.Inter-industry human capital misallocation increases the probability of skill mismatches among workers,reduces labor productivity,and hampers the improvement of human capital efficiency,thereby exerting a significant crowding-out effect on individual labor supply.This crowding-out effect tends to trigger employment“Matthew effects”,trapping workers in industries with insufficient human capital allocation,low household income,and limited work experience in a state of entrenched misallocation.

关 键 词：行业间人力资本错配 人力资本效能 劳动供给 

分 类 号：F249.2[经济管理—劳动经济]