2000—2020年青藏高原建设用地转型及其生态环境效应  

Construction land transition in Qinghai-Tibet Plateau and its eco-environmental effects during 2000-2020

作　　者：张子宁 骆军强 张培蕾 荣菡 刘海洋[1] 安爽[1,2] 常跟应 ZHANG Zining;LUO Junqiang;ZHANG Peilei;RONG Han;LIU Haiyang;AN Shuang;CHANG Genying(College of Earth and Environmental Sciences,Lanzhou Univerisity,Lanzhou 730000,China;College of Agriculture and Forestry Economics and Management,Lanzhou University of Finance and Economics,Lanzhou 730101,China;Key laboratory of Western China’s Environmental Systems,Ministry of Education,Lanzhou University,Lanzhou 730000,China)

机构地区：[1]兰州大学资源环境学院,兰州730000 [2]兰州财经大学农林经济管理学院,兰州730101 [3]兰州大学西部环境教育部重点实验室,兰州730000

出　　处：《资源科学》2025年第1期153-166,共14页Resources Science

基　　金：第二次青藏高原综合科学考察项目(2019QZKK1005)。

摘　　要：【目的】土地资源作为支撑社会经济快速发展的重要要素,在支撑快速城镇化进程中的转型演化面临着诸多生态环境问题。青藏高原是典型的生态脆弱和敏感区,如何合理开发利用与促进生态环境保护至关重要,因此,建设用地显性形态变化牵动区域土地利用转型,产生的生态环境效应更值得关注。【方法】基于2000—2020年土地利用和遥感影像数据,分析青藏高原建设用地转型情况,通过构建改进型遥感生态指数(IRSEI),进一步探讨建设用地转移地类的生态效应及对局部生态环境效应贡献的区域差异,以期为青藏高原资源环境协调发展提供参考。【结果】①青藏高原建设用地总体以增加为主,缩小区面积较小。青海高原区和柴达木盆地区是主要变化区,河谷省会、盆地工业城市和旅游城市是主要变化城市。②青藏高原建设用地早期主要转为耕地和草地,后期主要转为水域及水利设施用地,而早期扩张主要占用未利用地,后期主要占用耕林草等生态用地。转移地类区域差异明显,藏北高原区和柴达木盆地区转为水域及水利设施用地和未利用地比例较高,而扩张主要占用草地和未利用地,其余地区建设用地转移以与耕地和草地互转为主。③青藏高原各地区建设用地IRSEI值川藏高山峡谷区>祁连山地区>藏南谷地区>青海高原区>柴达木盆地区>藏北高原区。④建设用地转型总体表现为生态负效应,藏北高原区和柴达木盆地区未利用地和草地向建设用地转移产生的生态效应贡献最高,其他地区贡献生态效应的主要是生态用地。【结论】2000—2020年青藏高原建设用地转型及其产生的生态环境效应具有区域差异性,未来可通过差异化政策和措施,促进青藏高原可持续发展。[Objective]Land resources are critical factors supporting the rapid development of society and economy.However,their transition during urbanization processes poses significant ecological and environmental challenges.The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau,as a typical ecologically fragile and sensitive region,requires balanced strategies for rational development and ecological conservation.In this context,the explicit morphological changes of construction land drive the transition of regional land use,and the ecological and environmental effects generated thereby deserve more attention.[Methods]Based on land use and remote sensing image data from 2000 to 2020,this study analyzed construction land transitions on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.By developing an improved remote sensing ecological index(IRSEI),the study further examined the ecological effects of land-use type transitions and their regional differences in contributions to local ecological environments.The findings aim to provide a reference for the coordinated development of resources and environment on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.[Results](1)Construction land on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau had predominantly increased,with only a small reduction in specific areas.The primary areas of change were the Qinghai Plateau and the Qaidam Basin,with significant changes observed in provincial capitals along river valleys,industrial cities in the basins,and tourist cities.(2)In earlier years,construction land mainly transitioned to cropland and grassland,while in later years,it primarily converted to water bodies and water conservancy land.Early expansion mainly occupied unused land,whereas later expansion predominantly encroached on ecological land such as cropland,forest,and grassland.Regional differences in land-use transitions were evident:the Northern Tibet Plateau and Qaidam Basin showed higher proportions of transitions to water bodies,water conservancy land,and unused land,while the expansion mainly occupied grasslands and unused land;in other regions,construction land predomin

关 键 词：青藏高原 建设用地转型 改进型遥感生态指数 生态环境效应 生态贡献 

分 类 号：F301.2[经济管理—产业经济] X321[环境科学与工程—环境工程]