马克思的东方社会论述与中国式现代化  

Marx's Discourse on Oriental Society and Chinese-Style Modernization

作　　者：王小章[1] Wang Xiaozhang

机构地区：[1]杭州师范大学社会学系

出　　处：《天津社会科学》2025年第1期64-71,82,175,共10页Tianjin Social Sciences

摘　　要：在马克思看来,人类社会的历史虽然中间不乏顿挫回旋,但总体上是一个迈向“人的解放”的进程;资本主义的现代化蕴含着巨大的解放潜能,但其“狭隘的资产阶级形式”则禁锢了这种潜能的释放。在这一关于人类整体历史进程的一般观点中,马克思一方面抨击了以英帝国为代表的现代西方国家将古老中国拉入现代世界之手段的卑劣不义,另一方面则指出中国走向现代文明的必然性。“亚细亚生产方式”所表征的包括传统中国在内的东方社会特征,以及中国开启现代化时在现代世界格局中所处的不利地位,表明了中国走西式现代化道路的“不可能”;西式现代化本身所存在的问题,则表明了西式现代化的“不可欲”。不可能和不可欲,共同表明了中国式现代化的必然性。中国式现代化是以中国的方式向马克思所指出的“人的解放”这一人类历史普遍方向的回归。In Marx's view,the history of human society,despite its many setbacks and detours,has overall been a process of moving towards"the liberation of humanity".The capitalist modernization contains enormous potential for liberation,but its"narrow bourgeois form"restricts the release of this potential.Under this general view of the overall historical process of humanity,Marx,on one hand,condemned the western powers,particularly the British Empire,for their unjust and ignoble methods in bringing China into the modern world,and on the other hand,pointed out the inevitability of China's path towards modern civilization.The characteristics of Eastern societies,including traditional China,represented by the"Asian mode of production",and China's disadvantaged position in the modern world when it embarked on modernization,indicate that it is"impossible"for China to follow the path of Western-Style modernization;the problems inherent in Western-Style modernization indicate the"undesirable"nature of Western-Style modernization.Impossibility and undesirability together demonstrate the inevitability of Chinese-Style modernization.Chinese-Style modernization is a return to the universal direction of human history of human liberation pointed out by Marx in the Chinese way.

关 键 词：马克思 世界历史 东方社会 中国式现代化 

分 类 号：A81[哲学宗教—马克思主义哲学] D61[政治法律—政治学] C91[政治法律—中外政治制度]