玉米干物质生产分配、转运特征与杂种优势分析  

Analysis of Dry Matter Production,Distribution,Transport Characteristics,and Heterosis in Maize

作　　者：张玉红[1] 许海涛 杨飞 史大坤 李习军[1] 高展 冯晓曦 许波 郭海斌 张军刚 ZHANG Yu-hong;XU Hai-tao;YANG Fei;SHI Da-kun;LI Xi-jun;GAO Zhan;FENG Xiao-xi;XU Bo;GUO Hai-bin;ZHANG Jun-gang(Xinxiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Xinxiang 453000;Zhumadian Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Zhumadian Comprehensive Experimental Station of Henan Maize Industrial Technology System,Zhumadian 463000;Xiayi County Agriculture and Rural Bureau,Xiayi 476400,China)

机构地区：[1]新乡市农业科学院,河南新乡453000 [2]驻马店市农业科学院/河南省玉米产业技术体系驻马店综合试验站,河南驻马店463000 [3]夏邑县农业农村局,河南夏邑476400

出　　处：《玉米科学》2025年第2期50-60,共11页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：河南省科技攻关计划项目(232102110187);河南省玉米产业技术体系驻马店综合试验站项目(HARS-23-02-Z6)。

摘　　要：2023年通过春、夏播研究玉米干物质生产、分配、转运特征,对干物质、子粒重杂种优势进行分析。结果表明,通过Logistic方程可拟合春、夏播玉米干物质累积过程。玉米自交系最大累积速率春播驻85、ZM335低于驻136、ZM027,夏播驻85、ZM335高于驻136、ZM027。玉米杂交种干物质分配吐丝期表现为茎>叶>鞘>苞叶>雄穗>穗轴>花丝>穗柄。春、夏播玉米杂交种驻玉927、驻玉902叶、鞘、茎秆、穗轴、穗柄、苞叶干物质转运量、干物质转运率和干物质转运对子粒贡献率均为负值。春播玉米自交系ZM3358、ZM027叶、鞘有干物质转运;夏播玉米自交系ZM3358叶、鞘、茎秆有干物质转运。玉米杂交种干物质重F1杂种优势指数、相对杂种优势、中亲杂种优势、超亲杂种优势春播显著高于夏播,驻玉927、驻玉902春、夏播干物质重、子粒重表现为正向杂种优势。In 2023,maize dry matter production,distribution,transport characteristics,and the heterosis of dry matter and grain weight were studied through spring and summer sowing.The results showed that the accumulation process of dry matter in spring and summer maize could be fitted using the logistic equation.The maximum accumu⁃lation rates of Zhu 85 and ZM3358 in spring sowing were lower than Zhu136 and ZM027,while Zhu 85 and ZM3358 in summer sowing were higher than Zhu136 and ZM027.The distribution of dry matter in hybrid maize varieties sow⁃ing in spring and summer showed an overall pattern of stem>leaf>sheath>husk>tassel>cob>silk>ear stem during the silking stage.The leaf,sheath,stem,cob,ear stem,husk of dry matter transport amounts,transport rate,and contri⁃bution rate of dry matter transport to grains in spring and summer sowing of Zhuyu927 and Zhuyu 902 were all nega⁃tive.In spring sowing,ZM3358 and ZM027,only the leaves and sheaths had dry matter transport;in summer sowing,ZM3358,only the leaves,sheaths,and stems had dry matter transport.The dry matter weight F1 heterosis index,rela⁃tive heterosis,mid-parent heterosis,and over-parent heterosis of maize hybrids were significantly higher in spring sowing than in summer sowing,the grain weight of spring and summer sowing in Zhuyu927 and Zhuyu902 showed positive heterosis.

关 键 词：玉米 干物质生产分配 干物质转运 杂种优势 

分 类 号：S513.01[农业科学—作物学]