东北春玉米秸秆还田宽窄行模式下覆盖作物不同播期比较研究  

A Comparative Study on Different Sowing Dates of Cover Crops under the Wide-Narrow Row Mode of Spring Maize Straw Returning in Northeast China

作　　者：李政 刘禹泽 王思敏 马悦[1,3] 谷岩 刘胜群[2] LI Zheng;LIU Yu-ze;WANG Si-min;MA Yue;GU Yan;LIU Sheng-qun(College of Agriculture,Jilin Agricultural University,Changchun 130118;Key Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology,Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology,CAS,Changchun 130102;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China)

机构地区：[1]吉林农业大学,长春130118 [2]中国科学院东北地理与农业生态研究所/黑土区农业生态院重点实验室,长春130102 [3]中国科学院大学,北京100049

出　　处：《玉米科学》2025年第2期80-87,共8页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目(31971850);吉林省重大科技专项(20220302007NC);中科院战略先导专项(XDA28080302);中科院黑土区农业生态重点实验室开放基金项目(2020KHT-01)。

摘　　要：覆盖作物的种植能够有效改良土壤理化性质。覆盖作物的播种时期直接影响主栽作物的产量和覆盖作物的生物产量,是主栽作物和覆盖作物“双赢”的关键。本研究在东北黑土区以秸秆还田为基础,应用新型宽窄行种植模式在玉米田的行间种植4种覆盖作物(紫花苜蓿、黄花草木樨、白车轴草和长柔毛野豌豆)。覆盖作物的播种日期分别为5月28日(T1)、6月7日(T2)、6月17日(T3)、6月27日(T4)和7月7日(T5),测定不同播期条件下覆盖作物的株高、茎粗、叶片SPAD值、生物产量等。研究结果表明,覆盖作物紫花苜蓿、黄花草木樨和长柔毛野豌豆在T2时期播种,白车轴草在T1时期播种,其株高、茎粗、叶片叶绿素含量及生物产量最佳。The planting of cover crops can effectively improve the physical and chemical properties of soil.However,the sowing date of cover crops directly affects the yield of main crops and the biological yield of cover crops,which is crucial for achieving a'win-win'situation between main crops and cover crops.Therefore,based on straw returning to the field in the black soil area of Northeast China,this study applied a new wide-narrow row plant⁃ing mode to plant four mulching crops(Medicago sativa,Melilotus officinalis,Trifolium repens and Vicia villosa Roth)in the rows of maize fields.The sowing dates for the cover crops were May 28(T1),June 7(T2),June 17(T3),June 27(T4)and July 7(T5),respectively.The plant height,stem diameter,leaf SPAD value and biological yield of mulching crops under different sowing dates were measured.The results indicated that,compared with different sowing dates of mulching crops,the plant height,stem diameter,leaf chlorophyll content and biological yield of Medicago sativa,Melilotus officinalis,Vicia villosa Roth in T2 and Trifolium repens in T1 were the best.

关 键 词：玉米 秸秆还田 覆盖作物 适宜播期 宽窄行 

分 类 号：S513.047[农业科学—作物学]