播期、年份及杂交种对玉米子粒镰刀菌和伏马毒素污染及主要农艺性状的影响  

Influence of Sowing Dates,Year and Hybrid on Fusarium and Fumonisin Contamination of Maize Grains and Major Agronomic Traits

作　　者：马盼盼 韩占府 高岭巍 郭红甫 岳振国 刘晓帆 姬社林 张力 李婧 MA Pan-pan;HAN Zhan-fu;GAO Ling-wei;GUO Hong-fu;YUE Zhen-guo;LIU Xiao-fan;JI She-lin;ZHANG Li;LI Jing(Puyang Academy of Agricultural and Forestry Sciences,Puyang 457000;Puyang Meteorological Service,Puyang 457000,China)

机构地区：[1]濮阳市农林科学院,河南濮阳457000 [2]濮阳市气象局,河南濮阳457000

出　　处：《玉米科学》2025年第2期88-93,共6页Journal of Maize Sciences

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD2300600);濮阳市高直链淀粉玉米工程技术研究中心项目(231023)。

摘　　要：2022年和2023年连续两年研究两个播期对早、中熟两个玉米杂交种收获后子粒镰刀菌和伏马毒素污染及主要农艺性状的影响,开展植力源田间药效试验,为对我国玉米典型病害顶腐病、茎腐病和穗腐病的防控提供基础信息和风险警示。结果表明,早播早熟郑单958的轮枝镰刀菌污染率和伏马毒素含量均低于晚播中熟濮单12。播期和杂交种处理之间的产量参数差异显著。早播使穗长、穗粒数、穗粒重和子粒产量有所增加。除穗粒数外,濮单12的子粒产量等指标均高于郑单958;这些性状还受不同年份的影响。喷施过植力源的玉米病株率明显低于清水对照组。由此可见,玉米要获得高产同时降低镰刀菌和伏马毒素污染,早播非常重要,喷施适量植力源可以提高植株的抗性。To provide foundational information and risk warning for the prevention and control of top rot,stalk rot and ear rot,which are typical diseases of maize in China,the effects of two sowing dates in two consecutive years on post-harvest Fusarium and fumonisin contamination of grains and on key agronomic traits of two early and midmaturity maize hybrids were studied.Field efficacy trials of Zhiliyuan were conducted in the same period.The re⁃sults showed that the contamination rate of Fusarium verticillioides and fumonisin content of the early-sown earlymaturing hybrid Zhengdan958 were lower than those of the late-sown medium-maturing hybrid Pudan 12.Yield pa⁃rameters differed significantly between sowing dates and hybrid treatments.Early sowing increased ear length,grain number per ear,grain weight per ear and grain yield.Except for the number of grains in the ear,the yield of Pudan 12 and its yield components were higher than that of Zhengdan958,and these traits were also affected by the differ⁃ent years.The disease rate of maize plants sprayed with Zhiliyuan was significantly lower than that of the water con⁃trol group.These findings suggest that early sowing is very important for achieving high yields and reducing Fusari⁃um and fumonisin contamination in maize.In addition,moderate spraying of Zhiliyuan can improve the resistance of maize plants.

关 键 词：玉米 播期 镰刀菌 伏马毒素 

分 类 号：S513.047[农业科学—作物学]