基于能耗、碳排放油电车辆混合最优配置策略  

Optimal allocation strategy for fuel-electric vehicles based on energy consumption and carbon emissions

作　　者：李军涛 茆俊亚[2] 侯星星 郭文文 LI Juntao;MAO Junya;HOU Xingxing;GUO Wenwen(College of Economics and Management,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;College of Engineering Sci-ence and Technology,Shanghai Ocean University,Shanghai 201306,China;College of Transport&Communications,Shanghai Maritime University,Shanghai 201306,China)

机构地区：[1]上海海洋大学经济与管理学院,上海201306 [2]上海海洋大学工程学院,上海201306 [3]上海海事大学交通运输学院,上海201306

出　　处：《山东大学学报(工学版)》2025年第1期15-23,共9页Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science)

基　　金：国家自然科学基金资助项目(71501125);上海市教委重点资助项目(12ZZ167)。

摘　　要：针对混合车队车辆路径优化问题,考虑电动车多次充电、油电混合车队配置比例及车辆装载量对能耗的影响,以包含油耗成本或电动车能耗成本在内的总成本为目标构建数学模型,提出一种改进的遗传-变邻域模拟退火算法,通过实例验证算法的可行性和准确性。仿真试验表明,与全电动车配送方案相比,油电混合模式的配送成本降低25.8%,时间窗惩罚成本降低91.2%;与全燃油车配送方案相比,油电混合模式的碳排放降低62.2%。针对混合车队路径优化问题模型,相对于传统遗传算法,遗传-变邻域模拟退火算法可以更快求得最优解,验证了算法的有效性。根据油电混合车队配置比例对模型的影响分析可知,最优配置比为1∶1时,可以获取最优解。For the vehicle route optimization problem of mixed fleet,considering the impact of multiple charging sessions for electric vehicles,the configuration ratio of mixed fleet,and vehicle loading on energy consumption,a total cost including fuel consumption cost or electric vehicle energy consumption cost was constructed as a mathematical model,an improved genetic-variable neighborhood simulated annealing algorithm was proposed,and the feasibility and accuracy of the algorithm were verified through examples.The simulation experiments showed that the mixed fleet mode reduced the transportation cost by 25.8%and the time window penalty cost by 91.2%compared with the all-electric vehicle distribution scheme and reduced the carbon emission by 62.2%compared with the all-fuel vehicle distribution scheme.Aiming at the mixed fleet path optimization problem model,compared with the traditional genetic algorithm,the genetic-variable neighborhood simulated annealing algorithm could obtain the optimal solution faster,verifying the effectiveness of the algorithm.According to the analysis of the impact of the mixed fleet allocation ratio on the model,the optimal solution could be obtained when the optimal allocation ratio is 1∶1.

关 键 词：混合车队 能耗 碳排放 遗传-变邻域模拟退火算法 油电混合配置策略 

分 类 号：TP301[自动化与计算机技术—计算机系统结构]