济南市区典型道路交通状况及其对空气质量的差异化影响  

Traffic conditions on typical roads in urban Jinan and the differentiated impacts on air quality

作　　者：王宇佳 王新锋 张博 赵立健 刘一平 司书春[5] 薛丽坤 WANG Yujia;WANG Xinfeng;ZHANG Bo;ZHAO Lijian;LIU Yiping;SI Shuchun;XUE Likun(Big Data Research Center for Ecology and Environment,Environmental Research Institute,Shandong University,Qingdao 266237,Shandong,China;Traffic Police Detachment of Jinan Public Security Bureau,Jinan 250014,Shandong,China;Jinan Municipal Digital Application Center of Ecology and Environment,Jinan 250101,Shandong,China;Shandong Nova Electric Technology Co.,Ltd.,Jinan 250002,Shandong,China;School of Physics,Shandong University,Jinan 250100,Shandong,China)

机构地区：[1]山东大学环境研究院生态环境大数据创新研究中心,山东青岛266237 [2]济南市公安局交通警察支队,山东济南250014 [3]济南市生态环境数字化应用中心,山东济南250101 [4]山东诺方电子科技有限公司,山东济南250002 [5]山东大学物理学院,山东济南250100

出　　处：《山东大学学报(工学版)》2025年第1期138-148,共11页Journal of Shandong University(Engineering Science)

基　　金：山东省自然科学基金资助项目(ZR2020YQ30);生态环境部大气重污染成因与治理攻关项目(DQGG202123);山东大学基本科研业务费资助项目(2020QNQT012)。

摘　　要：为研究城市道路的实际交通状况及不同类型机动车流量对环境空气质量的影响,以济南市为例,调查典型道路上的机动车流量与精细车型结构,分析交通状况的时空变化特征,探究交通状况对主要大气污染物质量浓度的影响。结果表明,机动车流量的昼夜变化呈双峰型,工作日双峰出现时间早,且峰值更突出,车流量整体上大于双休日。不同道路上车型结构相似,其中汽油车、小型车占绝大部分,柴油车、中大型车占比较小,不同路段柴油车的比例及其时间变化特征有明显差异。相关性分析表明:NO_(2)、O_(3)质量浓度与汽油车、小型车流量显著相关,PM_(2.5)质量浓度与2 h前的柴油车流量相关性较好。随机森林回归分析结果显示:气象因素对城市大气污染物质量浓度影响更大(特征重要性得分为66.4%~94.6%),交通因素也有明显影响(特征重要性得分为5.4%~33.7%)。其中,温度对O_(3)、NO_(2)质量浓度影响很大(特征重要性得分为89.8%、59.7%),湿度对PM_(2.5)、PM10质量浓度影响显著(特征重要性得分为34.8%、40.4%),汽油车流量对NO_(2)质量浓度有一定影响(特征重要性得分为9.4%),柴油车流量对PM_(2.5)与PM10质量浓度影响较大(特征重要性得分为11.0%、9.8%)。In order to study the impact of actual traffic conditions on urban roads and different types of motor vehicle flows on environmental air quality,taking Jinan City as an example,this study investigated the traffic flow and detailed vehicle types on typical roads,analyzed the spatiotemporal characteristics of traffic conditions,and explored the effects of traffic conditions on the concentrations of major air pollutants.The results showed that the diurnal variation of traffic flow exhibited a bimodal pattern,with earlier and more prominent peaks occurring on weekdays and the overall traffic flow was higher than on weekends.The vehicle types were similar on different roads,with gasoline and small vehicles accounting for the majority,while diesel,mid-size and large vehicles contributed a small proportion.There were obvious differences in the proportion and temporal variation characteristics of diesel vehicles on different roads.Correlation analyses demonstrated that the concentrations of NO_(2)and O_(3)were significantly correlated with the flow of gasoline and small vehicles,while the PM_(2.5)concentration had a good correlation with the flow of diesel vehicles two hours ago.The results of random forest regression analyses showed that meteorological factors had a greater influence on the concentrations of urban air pollutants(feature importance score:66.4%-94.6%).There were also obvious influences from traffic factors(feature importance score:5.4%-33.7%).Among these influencing factors,temperature had a large impact on the O_(3)and NO_(2)concentrations(feature importance score:89.8%,59.7%),while humidity had a significant impact on the PM_(2.5)and PM_(10)concentrations(feature importance score:34.8%,40.4%).In addition,the flow of gasoline vehicles had a certain influence on the NO_(2)concentrations(feature importance score:9.4%),while the diesel vehicle flow had an apparent effect on the PM_(2.5)and PM_(10)concentrations(feature importance score:11.0%,9.8%).

关 键 词：道路交通 机动车流量 车型构成 空气质量 影响因素 

分 类 号：X851[环境科学与工程—环境工程]