“秦岭”名义说  

On the Naming of the “Qinling Mountains”

作　　者：王子今 WANG Zi-jin(School of History,Northwest University,Xi’an 710127,China)

机构地区：[1]西北大学历史学院,陕西西安710127

出　　处：《西北大学学报(哲学社会科学版)》2025年第2期5-17,共13页Journal of Northwest University:Philosophy and Social Sciences Edition

基　　金：国家哲学社会科学基金铸牢中华民族共同体意识研究专项项目“新发现周秦汉唐西北民族关系史料的整理与研究”(23VMZ006)。

摘　　要：“南山”是以关中平原为文化基地的周秦文明的资源由来和地理屏障。由“南山”到“秦岭”的名号变易,使得这一东西横亘的山脉因秦史、秦文化的作用获得显赫名义。“楚山”“秦山”之称,正是楚人先祖和秦人先祖都曾经在“秦岭”南北进行早期经营,选择良好生存空间和发展根据地的历史反映。而“秦山”“秦岭”名号的确定,显现秦人于历史文化地理格局中最终占据优胜地位。“秦岭”“巴山”同样表现出与族名的关联。而蜀道克服这两座山脉实现南北交通,曾经有多个族群共同开发的道路工程史。“秦岭”名称大致在汉代已经通行于世,与“黄河”同样成为汉文化的地理标志。对于“秦岭”名号的历史文化意义,可以比照“秦人”称谓长时段广泛使用的事实予以理解。The creators of the Zhou and Qin civilizations,who established the Guanzhong Plain as their primary cultural base,also relied on the“Nanshan”(Southern Mountains)as a vital resource.According to Records of the Grand Historian:Annals of Zhou,while the Zhou people developed agriculture in the Wei River’s northern region,they also emphasized crossing the Wei River to obtain forest resources.The favorable ecological conditions of the“Nanshan”became a source of abundant wealth for the Zhou people,enabling them to achieve prosperity.The“Nanshan”refers to the mountain range later known as the“Qinling Mountains.”Scholars have argued that“the Qinling Mountains served as an important stage for Zhou activities,”a claim supported by historical evidence.In their early development,the Qin sought to expand in the western section of the Qinling Mountains and explore ideal bases in the Han River and Wei River basins.The Qin people utilized the resources of the Qinling Mountains for forestry,animal husbandry,and agriculture.After the establishment of the Qin state,they inherited the agricultural achievements of the Zhou and continued their tradition of prioritizing agriculture.When did the term“Qinling”emerge,gain acceptance,and become widely used?Some scholars,in their research on the“archaeology of knowledge regarding the naming of the Qinling,”have noted that Sima Qian’s Records of the Grand Historian contains the earliest recorded use of the term,describing the Qinling as“the great barrier of the world.”However,this claim lacks solid evidence.Others argue that Ban Gu,in his Ode to the Two Capitals,historically named the“Nanshan”as the“Qinling”based on the logic of dynastic geography.Still,some scholars suggest that Ban Gu’s Ode to the Western Capital used the character“Qin”to name the“Nanshan”of the Qin Empire as the“Qinling.”While the association between the“Qinling”and the Qin state and its governance is undeniable,the assertion that Ban Gu named the“Qinling”re

关 键 词：南山 秦岭 蜀道 秦史 秦文化 秦人 

分 类 号：K298.3[历史地理—历史学]