关于测量不确定度分析及评定结果应用的探讨  

Discussion on the Analysis of Measurement Uncertainty and the Application of Evaluation Results

作　　者：王宁 张登鹏 朱捷 沈章锁 秦云汉 WANG Ning;ZHANG Dengpeng;ZHU Jie;SHEN Zhangsuo;QIN Yunhan(China National Accreditation Service for Conformity Assessment,Beijing 100062,China;Hebei Taihang Measuring and Checking Co.,Ltd,Shijiazhuang 050000,China;Beijing Institute of Radio Metrology and Measurement,Beijing 100039,China)

机构地区：[1]中国合格评定国家认可中心,北京100062 [2]河北太行计量检测有限公司,石家庄050000 [3]北京无线电计量测试研究所,北京100039

出　　处：《宇航计测技术》2025年第1期42-45,共4页Journal of Astronautic Metrology and Measurement

摘　　要：通过对随机误差和测量不确定度的定义和计算方法进行分析,确定了两者在性质上存在着相似性,同时两者之间又存在区别,随机误差是根据多次重复测量的结果计算得出标准差,不确定度不仅包含了统计方法得出的结果,还包含其他因素对校准结果可能产生的随机影响,通过对比分析可以有效促进读者对不确定度的理解。再以精密压力表不确定度评定为例,对利用典型不确定度评定报告,快速对实际校准数据开展不确定度评定进行探讨,同时对报告校准结果时给出实际不确定度提出建议。The article analyzes the definition and calculation methods of random error and measurement uncertainty,and determines that there is a similarity in nature between the two,while there are also differences between them.Random error is calculated from the standard deviation of the results of multiple repeated measurements,and uncertainty not only includes the results obtained by statistical methods,but also other factors that may have a random impact on the calibration results.By comparing and analyzing,it can effectively promote the readers understanding of uncertainty.Then,taking the uncertainty evaluation of precision pressure gauge as an example,the application of typical uncertainty evaluation report to quickly carry out the uncertainty evaluation of actual calibration data is discussed,and the suggestions for giving the actual uncertainty when reporting the calibration results are put forward.

关 键 词：随机误差 测量不确定度 不确定度报告 校准 

分 类 号：TB935[一般工业技术—计量学]