国家应急语言服务预案编制研究  

A Study on Formulating a National Emergency Language Service Plan

作　　者：王慧彦 刘晓海[2] 王建飞 韩红梅 Wang Huiyan;Liu Xiaohai;Wang Jianfei;Han Hongmei

机构地区：[1]防灾科技学院经济管理学院,河北三河065201 [2]北京语言大学语言资源高精尖创新中心,北京100083 [3]中国消防救援学院消防指挥系,北京102202

出　　处：《语言战略研究》2025年第2期83-96,共14页Chinese Journal of Language Policy and Planning

基　　金：国家社会科学基金项目“国家应急语言服务需求框架体系研究”(21BYY083)

摘　　要：新冠疫情期间,中国语言学界第一次开展了较大规模的应急语言援助,应急语言服务实践在积累了大量宝贵经验的同时,也暴露出当前亟待解决的问题。本研究基于灾害情景构建理论展开,总体上遵循“风险—情景—需求(任务)—能力—预案”五位一体的应急预案研究思路,研制了中国首个应急语言服务预案。研制方法主要包括基于情景的应急语言服务环境分析、基于情景的应急语言服务需求分析、基于能力的应急语言服务预案编制3个环节。主要内容包括预案定位、工作原则、应急预案体系、应急组织机构和指挥机制、应急响应机制和保障等。由于中国应急语言服务体制机制建设还处于初期阶段,还需要持续开展以下几个方面的研究和实践:(1)持续开展国家应急语言服务应急体制机制研究,完善顶层设计;(2)围绕国家重大战略,推进中国应急语言服务法制化建设;(3)完善国家应急语言服务预案体系;(4)完善应急语言服务动员体系,加强应急语言服务组织管理。Since the outbreak of COVID-19,China has accumulated valuable experience in the practice of emergency language service,yet the demand for well-structured emergency language service contingency plans is becoming increasingly pressing across multiple sectors.Drawing on disaster scenario construction theory,this study adopts an integrated research framework of“Risk-Scenario-Demand-Capability-Plan”for emergency planning,and develops the first emergency language service plan in China to address language communication barriers during various types of emergencies.Using a general emergency response model,this study constructs emergency language service scenarios in the context of major disasters and identifies the gap between the demand for emergency language services and the existing service capabilities.It further examines disaster scenario framework and the current emergency organizational systems to clarify the positioning,guiding principles,primary tasks,workflows,institutional mechanisms,and support measures of the national emergency language service plan.As China’s emergency language service system and mechanism are still in the early stages of development,ongoing research and practice are essential.This includes continuous research on the national emergency language service system and mechanisms to refine top-level design,advancing the legalization of emergency language services in line with major national strategies,improving the national emergency language service contingency plan system,and enhancing the mobilization,organization and management of emergency language services.

关 键 词：应急救援 应急语言服务 预案 情景构建 响应机制 

分 类 号：H002[语言文字—语言学]