聚多巴胺(PDA)制备的电极材料在超级电容器中的应用进展  

Application progress of polydopamine (PDA) as electrode materials for supercapacitors

作　　者：成媛媛 何晞岩 何美茹 戚洪彬 CHENG Yuanyuan;HE Xiyan;HE Meiru;QI Hongbin(School of Science,China University of Geosciences,Beijing 100083,China)

机构地区：[1]中国地质大学(北京)数理学院,北京100083

出　　处：《功能材料》2025年第2期2058-2073,共16页Journal of Functional Materials

基　　金：中国地质大学(北京)2024年学科发展研究基金(2024XK220);中国地质大学(北京)2024年大学生思想政治教育研究课题(XGSZ202416);中国地质大学(北京)2024年研究生教育教学改革专项(JG2024003)。

摘　　要：现今,能源短缺的严峻形势将会逐渐影响人们的生产生活,所以开发新的储能元件成为科学家的研究重点。其中,超级电容器作为一种优异的储能器件,备受关注,但受限于其能量密度和功率密度不高而不能满足大规模的实际应用需求。因此,开发新的电极材料,成为解决此问题的方法之一。聚多巴胺(PDA)作为一种新材料,具有很多优点,如,高碳化率、高粘附性、多种官能团(邻苯二酚、胺和亚胺,大π电子结构)等。将PDA作为电极材料,是最近才出现的热门课题,PDA利用自身的高含碳量可以作碳电极;此外,自身含有胺基官能团可进行杂原子掺杂;最重要的是可以作为粘结剂,不仅能牢牢吸附外加材料,而且能够修饰复合材料内部结构,参与赝电容反应,增加复合材料比电容。在本文中我们将根据PDA与不同物质复合在一起的分类方式,分别介绍PDA在超级电容器中参与一元、二元、三元复合电极材料的应用。Nowadays,the severe situation of energy shortage will gradually affect people's production and life,so the development of new energy storage components has become the research focus of scientists.Among them,supercapacitors,as an excellent energy storage device,have attracted much attention,but are limited by their low energy density and low power density,and cannot meet the needs of large-scale practical applications.Therefore,the development of new electrode materials has become one of the methods to solve this problem.As a new material,polydopamine(PDA)has many advantages,such as high carbon rate,high adhesion,multiple functional groups(catechol,amine and imine,large π electronic structure),etc.The use of PDA as an electrode material is a hot topic that has only recently emerged.PDA can be used as a carbon electrode with its own high carbon content.In addition,it contains amine functional groups that can be doped with heteroatoms.Most importantly,it can be used as a binder,not only can firmly adsorb the external materials,but also can modify the internal structure of the composite material,participate in the pseudocapacitance reaction,and increase the specific capacitance of the composite material.In this article,we will introduce the application of PDA as a composite electrode material of one element,two element and ternary element in supercapacitors according to the classification method of PDA and different substances.

关 键 词：聚多巴胺 碳材料 金属化合物 超级电容器 赝电容 

分 类 号：O646[理学—物理化学] TM911[理学—化学]