亚有限型蚕豆F_(2)群体结构分析及改良效果评价  

Structural analysis and improvement effect evaluation of semi-determinate Vicia faba L.F_(2)population

作　　者：郑栋 周仙莉 滕长才[2,3] 侯万伟 刘玉皎[1,3] ZHENG Dong;ZHOU Xianli;TENG Changai;HOU Wanwe;LIU Yujiao(Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;Qinghai Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences,Xining 810016,China;Laboratory of Crop Germplasm Resources Research and Utilization on the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau,Xining 810016,China;National Crop Germplasm Resources Duplicate Library,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学,西宁810016 [2]青海省农林科学院,西宁810016 [3]青藏高原作物种质资源研究与利用实验室,西宁810016 [4]国家农作物种质资源复份库,西宁810016

出　　处：《青海大学学报》2025年第1期30-38,共9页Journal of Qinghai University

基　　金：国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-08);青海省科学技术厅项目(2022-NK-109)。

摘　　要：亚有限种质是一种新发现的用于选育高产宜机蚕豆品种的理想株型。为改良亚有限蚕豆种质的丰产性和籽粒性状,筛选株型紧凑、具有高产潜力及优质籽粒特性的蚕豆亚有限生长型材料,本研究配置了9个杂交组合,筛选得到56株亚有限型F_(2)单株。利用InDel标记鉴定亚有限型单株的遗传背景结构,基于19个主要性状的表现采用主成分分析方法综合评价亚有限型F_(2)单株的改良效果。结果表明:群体结构分析将材料划分为2个类群,类群Ⅰ和类群Ⅱ分别包括23份和31份材料,其余8份材料归属于Mixed群组。通过系统聚类将56个F_(2)单株与6份亲本材料划分为3个类群,第Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ类群各包括16、30、16份材料;单株产量与株高、分枝数、终荚高度等在内的13个性状之间呈极显著正相关,其中与单株粒数相关性最高;19个性状的变异系数范围为8.08%~84.94%,通过与亲本主要性状的比较,F_(2)群体亚有限型单株在产量、籽粒性状上达到明显的改良效果;主成分分析确定了4个公共因子,累计贡献率为73.392%。通过综合评价筛选出6株性状表现优良的亚有限型单株,分别是8-8、7-119、7-142、7-144、7-43和1-74,为亚有限型理想株型的选育及优良品种的培育提供了材料基础。Semi-determinate germplasm is a novel discovered ideotype for the breeding of high-yield Vicia faba L.varieties suitable for mechanization.In order to improve the yield and seed shape of semi-determinate Vicia faba L.germplasm,and screen the semi-determinate materials with compact plant type,high yield potential and good seed shape,a total of 9 hybridization combinations were selected and 56 semi-determinate F_(2)single strains were obtained.The InDel markers were used to identify the genetic background structure of semi-determinate F_(2)single strains.Based on the performance of 19 main traits,the improvement effect of semi-determinate F_(2)single strains was comprehensively evaluated by principal component analysis.The results are as follows:The group structure analysis divided the materials into two groups,Group I and Group II,which included 23 and 31 materials respectively,while the remaining 8 materials belonged to the Mixed group.By systematic clustering,56 semi-determinate F_(2)single strains and 6 parental materials were divided into three groups,namely Groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ and Ⅲ,including 16,30 and 16 materials respectively;there was a highly significant positive correlation between individual plant yield and 13 traits including plant height,number of branches and final pod height,with the highest correlation observed with the number of grains per plant;the variation coefficients of 19 traits ranged from 8.08%to 84.94%,indicating that compared with the main traits of the parent,semi-determinate single strains of F_(2)population had achieved significant improvement in yield and grain traits;principal component analysis identified four common factors with a cumulative contribution rate of 73.392%.Six semi-determinate single strains with excellent trait performance were selected through comprehensive evaluation,namely 8-8,7-119,7-142,7-144,7-43 and 1-74.The research results can provide a material basis for the cultivation of ideal semi-determinate strains and the selection of excellent Vicia faba L.varieties.

关 键 词：蚕豆 亚有限生长习性 改良效果 群体结构 主成分分析 综合评价 

分 类 号：S529[农业科学—作物学]