羊肚菌连作条件下一种爆发性真菌的鉴定及化防药剂筛选研究  

Identification of an explosive fungus and screening of chemical control agents under continuous cropping conditions of Morchella sp.

作　　者：杨雪莲 路海玲 王帅 孙瑶 王梦妍 洒威 苏丽萍 王乐 YANG Xuelian;LU Hailing;WANG Shuai;SUN Yao;WANG Mengyan;SA Wei;SU Liping;WANG Le(State Key Laboratory of Plateau Ecology and Agriculture,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China;College of Eco-environmental Engineering,Qinghai University,Xining 810016,China)

机构地区：[1]青海大学省部共建三江源生态与高原农牧业国家重点实验室,四宁810016 [2]青海大学生态环境工程学院,西宁810016

出　　处：《青海大学学报》2025年第1期71-77,93,共8页Journal of Qinghai University

基　　金：青海省科学技术厅项目(2024-ZJ-739)。

摘　　要：为提高羊肚菌田间栽培的产量稳定性,明确连作条件下爆发式增长真菌的生物学特征及防治措施,本研究以六妹羊肚菌连作绝收地中新发现的一种爆发性真菌为试验材料,依据形态学及分子生物学鉴定等方法对该菌进行物种鉴定,同时采用菌丝生长速率法,研究了5种常见杀菌剂对该菌和六妹羊肚菌的抑制效果。结果表明:经ITS、LSU、RPB2基因序列分析后发现该菌为螺卷毛壳霉。在田间推荐使用浓度下,春雷王铜、噁霉灵、百菌清、三唑酮、吡唑醚菌酯等5种药剂对六妹羊肚菌的抑制率分别为0.25%、5.24%、23.94%、56.61%、54.74%,对螺卷毛壳霉的抑制率分别为30.01%、11.13%、57.05%、42.69%、59.51%;以上5种药剂对六妹羊肚菌的EC_(50)分别为12.0798、6.2146、25.4609、5.8850、4.3008 g/L,对螺卷毛壳霉的EC_(50)分别为14.1744、4.4579、21.7253、7.3850、4.7176 g/L。综合分析抑制率与EC_(50)可知,百菌清对该爆发性真菌的抑制效果较为显著,且对六妹羊肚菌的生长影响较小、毒性较弱。因此,百菌清可推荐作为螺卷毛壳霉田间防治的杀菌剂。In order to clarify the biological characteristics and control measures of explosive growth fungus of Morchella sp.under continuous cropping conditions,so as to improve its yield stability,this study used a newly discovered explosive fungus in a continuous cropping field with no harvest of Morchella Sextelata as experimental materials to identify the fungus based on the morphological and molecular biology methods.The inhibitory effects of five common fungicides on the fungus and M.Sextelata were studied using the mycelial growth rate method.The results are as follows:After analyzing the ITS,LSU and RPB2 sequences,it was found that the fungus is C.cochliodes.Under the recommended concentration in the field,the inhibitory rates of five fungicides,namely kasugamycin+oxychloride,Chloramphenicol,Chlorothalonil,Triadimefon and Pyraclostrobin on M.Sextelata were 0.25%,5.24%,23.94%,56.61%and 54.74%respectively,and that on C.cochliodes were 30.01%,11.13%,57.05%,42.69%and 59.51%respectively.The EC_(50)values of the above five fungicides for M.Sextelata were 12.0798,6.2146,25.4609,5.8850 and 4.3008 g/L respectively,while that for C.cochliodes were 14.1744,4.4579,21.7253,7.3850 and 4.7176 g/L respectively.Based on the comprehensive analysis of inhibitory rate and EC_(50),it could be concluded that Chlorothalonil has a significant inhibitory effect on the explosive fungus,while has slight impact on the growth of M.Sextelata with weak toxicity.Therefore,Chlorothalonil can be recommended as a fungicide for field prevention and control of Chaetomium cochliodes.

关 键 词：六妹羊肚菌 连作障碍 螺卷毛壳霉 百菌清 

分 类 号：S482.22[农业科学—农药学]