2017-2022年慈溪市腹泻患者中诺如病毒流行病学特征分析  

Epidemiological Characteristics of Norovirus Infections Among Patients Suffering from Diarrhea in Cixi,China from 2017 to 2022

作　　者：杨铭锋 岑迪[1] 楼宏立 YANG Mingfeng;CEN Di;LOU Hongli(Ciri Center for Disease Prevention and Control,Cixi 315300,China)

机构地区：[1]慈溪市疾病预防控制中心,慈溪315300

出　　处：《病毒学报》2025年第1期155-159,共5页Chinese Journal of Virology

摘　　要：为了解慈溪市腹泻患者中诺如病毒的流行病学特征及相关食品暴露风险,为预防诺如病毒的感染提供科学依据。本文采集2017-2022年慈溪市食源性疾病监测哨点医院腹泻病人相关信息,描述性统计分析诺如病毒的流行病学特征、临床症状及食品暴露风险,利用χ2检验或Fisher精确检验分析组间差异,在2017-2022年慈溪市食源性疾病监测哨点医院共收治的2322例腹泻患者中,检出诺如病毒283例,综合检出率为12.19%。各年检出率依次为7.94%、9.55%、23.29%、13.77%、11.72%、6.72%。基因型以GⅡ型为主,占比95.41%。1~4月和10~12月检出率高于其余月份,为13.61%~36.23%。性别(χ^(2)=2.81,P=0.094)、年龄(χ^(2)=4.71,P=0.194)、地区(χ^(2)=1.10,P=0.294)、职业(χ^(2)=11.59,P=0.094)间差异无统计学意义。临床症状主要以水样便、粘液便、呕吐为主;偶见血样便、稀状便、腹痛、恶心、发热等,多见于0~6岁儿童。检出率较高的前三位暴露食品种类为多种食品、混合食品和饮料与冷冻饮品类,分别为33.33%(2/6)、19.61%(10/51)和18.42%(7/38)。可疑暴露食品的加工及包装方式包括预包装、餐饮服务业、家庭自制、散装和其他(指母乳喂养)5种,检出率分别为14.37%(118/821)、15.15%(15/99)、12.66%(79/624)、7.63%(9/118)和9.39%(62/660),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=11.71,P=0.020)。2017-2022年慈溪市诺如病毒感染以GⅡ型为主。检出率各年份存在差异,其中2019年最高。一年中呈现1~4月和10~12月两个流行高峰。人群普遍易感,需加强饮食健康宣传教育。To:(i)understand the epidemiological characteristics and related food-exposure risks of noroviruses among patients suffering from diarrhea in Cixi(China);(ii)provide a scientific basis for preventing norovirus infections.We collected relevant information on patients suffering from diarrhea from the Cixi Foodborne Disease Surveillance Outpost Hospital from 2017 to 2022.We employed descriptive statistical analyses of the epidemiological characteristics,clinical symptoms,and food-exposure risk of noroviruses,and used the chisquare test or Fisher's exact test to analyze differences between groups.From 2017 to 2022,2322 patients suffering from diarrhea were admitted to the Cixi Foodborne Disease Surveillance Outpost Hospital,and we noted 283 cases of norovirus infection(12.19%).The detection of norovirus infections for 2017,2018,2019,2020,2021,and 2022 was 7.94%,9.55%,23.29%,13.77%,11.72%,and 6.72%,respectively.The genotype was mainly GII(95.41%).The percentage of norovirus infections from January to April and from October to December was higher than that in other months,ranging from 13.61% to 36.23%.There was no significant difference in sex(χ^(2)=2.81,P=0.094),age(4.71,0.194),region(1.10,0.294),or occupation(11.59,0.094)between groups.Clinical symptoms were mainly watery stools,mucus stools,and vomiting.Occasionally,bloody stools,loose stools,abdominal pain,nausea,and fever were seen in children aged 0–6years.The types of exposed foods with a higher prevalence of detection were multiple foods(2/6,33.33%),blended foods(10/51,19.61%),and beverages and frozen beverages(7/38,18.42%).The processing and packaging methods of suspected exposed food were prepackaging,catering services industry,homemade,bulk(including simple packaging),and other(breast milk),with a prevalence of detection of 14.37%(118/821),15.15%(15/99),12.66%(79/624),7.63%(9/118),and 9.39%(62/660),respectively,and differences were significant(χ^(2)=11.71,P=0.020).From 2017 to 2022,norovirus infections in Cixi were caused mainly by type GII.The highest p

关 键 词：腹泻 诺如病毒 流行病学特征 

分 类 号：R373.2[医药卫生—病原生物学] R211[医药卫生—基础医学]