病毒感染性检测方法研究进展  

Research Progress on Detection Methods of Infectious Viruses

作　　者：叶永丽 李梓暄 刘丽娟[2] 孙秀兰[1] 纪剑 YE Yongli;LI Zixuan;LIU Lijuan;SUN Xiulan;JI Jian(School of Food Science and Technology,Jiangnan University,Wuri 214122,China;Chinese Academy of Inspection and Quarantine,Beijing100176,China)

机构地区：[1]江南大学食品学院,无锡214122 [2]中国检验检疫科学研究院,北京100176

出　　处：《病毒学报》2025年第1期202-210,共9页Chinese Journal of Virology

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(项目号:2022YFF1103101),题目:新型病毒低温食品传播规律及关键控制点研究。

摘　　要：病毒感染性分析是病毒类生物医药、环境监测、食品安全监管等领域的重要内容,明确病毒感染性对于病毒污染水平与传播能力分析、污染预警、降低危害和损失至关重要。近年来,除传统的空斑形成单位法、终点稀释法和病灶形成单位测定法外,结合计算机和生物信息学等学科知识及技术开发了系列高性能的感染性病毒检测新方法,包括激光力细胞学法、细胞生物传感法、间接聚合酶链式反应(Polymerase chain reaction,PCR)法、无细胞荧光原位杂交法以及基于传统方法的改良技术等。这些新方法、新技术在缩短试验周期、提高检测灵敏度、准确度和特异性、可实现自动化等方面具有显著的优势。本文对病毒感染宿主细胞系的选择以及感染性病毒分析方法的原理、应用、性能等方面进行综述,以期为病毒污染防控特别是食源性病毒的监管策略制定提供参考依据。The analysis of viral infectivity is a critical focus in fields such as biomedicine,environmental monitoring,and food safety regulation.Understanding the infectivity of viruses is essential for assessing contamination levels and transmission potential,issuing contamination warnings,and mitigating harm and losses.In recent years,alongside traditional methods such as the plaque-forming unit assay,endpoint dilution assay,and focus-forming unit determination,a series of high-performance methods for detecting infectious viruses have been developed by integrating technologies and knowledge from disciplines like computer science and bioinformatics.These include laser force cytology,cell biosensing,indirect polymerase chain reaction(PCR),cell-free fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH),and enhanced techniques based on traditional approaches.These innovative approaches demonstrate significant advantages,including shorter test cycles and improved detection sensitivity,accuracy,and specificity of detection,as well as greater potential for automation.This review exams the selection of host cell lines for viral infection,as well as the principles,applications,and performance of various methods for analyzing infectious viruses.The findings aim to provide valuable references for controlling viral contamination,particularly in formulating regulatory strategies for foodborne viruses.

关 键 词：病毒 感染能力 空斑形成单位 终点稀释法 滴度 

分 类 号：R373.9[医药卫生—病原生物学]