同种异体器官移植中免疫耐受诱导的研究进展  

Advances in the induction of immune tolerance in allogeneic organ transplantation

作　　者：向芷青 曾森 位磊艳 邹义洲[3] Xiang Zhiqing;Zeng Sen;Wei Leiyan;Zou Yizhou(Department of Clinical Laboratory,People's Hospital of Wangcheng District of Changsha,Changsha 410203,China;Department of Neurology,the Third Xiangya Hospital of Central South University,Changsha 410013,China;Department of Immunology,Xiangya School of Basic Medicine Sciences,Central South University,Changsha 410013,China)

机构地区：[1]长沙市望城区人民医院检验科,长沙410203 [2]中南大学湘雅三医院神经内科,长沙410013 [3]中南大学湘雅基础医学院免疫学系,长沙410013

出　　处：《中华器官移植杂志》2025年第1期74-83,共10页Chinese Journal of Organ Transplantation

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(82171763)。

摘　　要：器官移植是目前较为理想的终末期器官衰竭的治疗手段,由于移植物通常为异体来源,因此移植后常引发受者免疫系统针对供者来源移植物的排斥反应。诱导受者对移植物的特异性免疫低反应状态即几乎免疫耐受状态,是治疗移植排斥的理想状态。当前研究中有多种策略应用于诱导免疫低反应状态,包括基于细胞的免疫诱导、诱导嵌合体生成、共刺激途径阻断、诱导细胞凋亡、靶向清除记忆T细胞、通过外泌体和纳米颗粒携带药物诱导耐受等。本文探讨了在临床医学中实现免疫耐受对同种异体移植物和受者生存的关键性,概述了在同种异体移植中多种耐受诱导策略的研究现状及研究进展;此外,还分析了各种策略的不足之处,并提出了本领域的未来展望。Organ transplantation is the preferred treatment for end-stage organ failure,However,the allogenic origin of donor tissues frequently provokes rejection by the recipient's immune system.Inducing a state of immune hyporesponsiveness specific to the transplanted cells and organs,referred to as near-immunotolerance,is the ideal approach to managing transplant rejection.Currently,various strategies have been explored to achieve immune hyporesponsiveness,including cell-based immune induction,chimerism induction,co-stimulatory pathway blockade,apoptosis induction,targeted clearance of memory T cells,and the use of exosomes or nanoparticles for drug delivery to induce tolerance.This review highlights the importance of achieving immune tolerance in clinical medicine to ensure the survival of both allografts and recipients.It provides an overview of the current status and advancements in tolerance-inducing strategies in allogeneic transplantation.Additionally,the review critically examines the limitations of these approaches and discusses future directions for research in this field.

关 键 词：器官移植 同种异体移植 移植排斥 免疫耐受 

分 类 号：R617[医药卫生—外科学]