啮齿类实验动物学习记忆能力的行为学检测方法  

Behavioural Assays of Learning Memory Capacity in Rodent Laboratory Animals

作　　者：郑利平 李雪 高伟 张苗苗 叶秋燕 李虹霖[2] ZHENG Liping;LI Xue;GAO Wei;ZHANG Miaomiao;YE Qiuyan;LI Honglin(Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Harbin 150040,Heilongjiang,China;The Second Hospital Affiliated to Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Harbin 150000,Heilongjiang,China)

机构地区：[1]黑龙江中医药大学,黑龙江哈尔滨150040 [2]黑龙江中医药大学附属第二医院,黑龙江哈尔滨150000

出　　处：《辽宁中医杂志》2025年第3期178-182,共5页Liaoning Journal of Traditional Chinese Medicine

基　　金：国家自然科学基金青年基金项目(82105035);黑龙江省省属高等学校基本科研业务费科研项目。

摘　　要：认知功能的行为学评估在相关疾病模型的生理机制研究、药物干预评估等实验研究中应用广泛。啮齿类实验动物的行为学检测方法有很多种,但主要的评估方法是莫里斯水迷宫。它的许多优点确保了它的针对性。这些包括它评估实验动物学习和记忆方面的有效性,在不同的实验操作中免除动机差异,在各种跨物种研究中的可靠性,以及对许多实验条件和各种测试方案的适应性。尽管如此,它还是存在一些缺点例如实验动物在水中产生了过度的压力,需要较长的试验周期。总的来说,该方法的优点大于缺点,与其他非中心导航任务相比具有优势。文章综述了几种啮齿类实验动物行为学检测方法的原理、实验方法、注意事项、应用特点以及优缺点,并与莫里斯水迷宫方法进行了比较,为更好评价啮齿类实验动物学习记忆能力提供参考。Behavioural assessment of cognitive function is widely used in experimental studies such as studies of physiological mechanisms in relevant disease models and evaluation of drug interventions.There are various methods of behavioural testing in rodent laboratory animals,but the main method of assessment is the Morris water maze(MWM).Its many advantages have ensured its pertinence to date.These include its validity in assessing learning and memory in experimental animals,exemption from motivational differences across diverse experimental manipulations,reliability in various cross-species studies,and adaptability to many experimental conditions with various test protocols.Nevertheless,it has some drawbacks such as the excessive stress produced by the experimental animals in the water and the need for longer test cycles.Overall,the advantages of the method outweigh the disadvantages and it has advantages over other allocentric navigation tasks.In this article,several allocentric assessment methods for rodents are reviewedand compared with the MWM.This paper reviewed the principles,experimental methods,precautions,application features,advantages and disadvantages of several rodent laboratory animal behavioural testing methods and compared them with the MWM method to provide a reference for better evaluation of the learning and memory abilities of rodent laboratory animals.

关 键 词：认知功能 行为学评估 学习记忆能力 啮齿类实验动物 

分 类 号：R332[医药卫生—人体生理学]