法规范确证:事后行为出罪的理论依据  

Legal Norm Confirmation:the Theoretical Basis for the Decriminalization of Subsequent Act

作　　者：刘子良 LIU Ziliang(Law School,Beijing Normal University,Beijing 100875,China)

机构地区：[1]北京师范大学法学院,北京100875

出　　处：《河南警察学院学报》2025年第1期76-88,共13页Journal of Henan Police College

基　　金：2024年最高人民检察院检察理论研究课题“网络黑灰产的刑法应对”(GJ2024D25)。

摘　　要：法益恢复说、违法性减轻(阻却说)、刑罚减免事由说、责任刑和预防刑折抵说以及刑事政策需罚性考量说等以法益恢复为根据的诸学说在论证对事后行为出罪依据上存在结构性缺陷。盖因刑罚目的和罪刑关系等学说仍未实现向法规范确证的功能性转变,依旧停留在法益理论的窠臼之中。对法益的恢复和对损害的赔偿,并非刑罚之目的,维护作为社会维护者的法规范才是刑罚应然之举。并且,法益恢复只能为免刑提供依据,无法证成免罪的合理性,故需秉持刑罚决定犯罪的法律属性说,方能为事后行为出罪提供逻辑前提。Doctrines based on the restoration of legal interests such as the theory of legal interest restoration,the theory of mitigating(or precluding)illegality,the theory of reasons for penalty reduction or exemption,the theory of offsetting between liability-punishment and preventive-punishment,and the theory of considering the need for punishment in criminal policy have structural defects in justifying subsequent acts.Indeed,this is because the purpose of punishment and the relationship between crime and punishment have not yet achieved a functional transformation towards the confirmation of legal norms and still remain trapped in the framework of legal interest theory.The restoration of legal interests and the compensation for damages are not the purposes of punishment;punishment should maintain legal norms as the guardians of society.Moreover,the restoration of legal interests can only provide a basis for exemption from punishment,but cannot justify the rationality of exemption from crime.Therefore,it is necessary to uphold the theory of the legal attribute that punishment determines crime in order to provide a logical premise for subsequent acts.

关 键 词：事后行为 法益恢复 法规范确证 法规范维护 

分 类 号：D924.1[政治法律—刑法学]