碘工质微直流离子推力器放电过程粒子模拟研究  

Investigation of discharge process in iodine propellant micro-DC ion thruster using particle simulations

作　　者：黄子霖 耿金越 胡远[1,2] 杨超 孙泉华 HUANG Zilin;GENG Jinyue;HU Yuan;YANG Chao;SUN Quanhua(State Key Laboratory of High Temperature Gas Dynamics,Institute of Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China;School of Engineering Science,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100049,China;Wide Range Flight Engineering Science and Applications Center,Institute of Mechanics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,Beijing 100190,China)

机构地区：[1]中国科学院力学研究所高温气体动力学国家重点实验室,北京100190 [2]中国科学院大学工程科学学院,北京100049 [3]中国科学院力学研究所宽域飞行工程科学与应用中心,北京100190

出　　处：《推进技术》2025年第3期261-273,共13页Journal of Propulsion Technology

基　　金：国家自然科学基金(12275019,12202458)。

摘　　要：碘工质是电推进领域最重要的工质之一。为掌握碘工质在微直流离子推力器中的放电特性,并评估其在微型直流离子推力器中替代氙气工质的可行性,本文建立了二维几何、三维速度(2D3V)的PIC-MCC-DSMC紧耦合全粒子计算模型,对碘工质在MiXI构型微直流离子推力器内的放电过程开展了数值模拟。模拟结果显示碘分子在注入放电室后迅速被离解,放电室中主要中性粒子为碘原子I,碘原子电离产生的I^(+)为主要离子组分,密度约比I_(2)^(+)高一个数量级。在本文的基准工况下,输出的离子束流中82%由I^(+)贡献,I_(2)^(+)贡献了余下的18%。对比碘与氙在不同放电电压下的放电特性,本文发现两种工质的质量利用率和放电效率均十分接近,并且展现了一致的变化趋势。本文研究结果表明:在微型直流离子推力器中,碘工质具有和氙工质十分相似的放电性能和对放电参数的响应特性。现有的氙气工质微型直流离子推力器的放电优化策略对碘工质推力器的设计和优化具有极强的参考价值。Iodine has been considered as one of the most important potential propellants in electric propul⁃sion.This paper aims to investigate and assess the discharge characteristics of iodine propellant in miniature DC ion thrusters as an alternative propellant to xenon(Xe).A 2D3V PIC-MCC-DSMC coupled full-particle compu⁃tational model is established to simulate the discharge process of I_(2) propellant in the MiXI miniature DC ion thrusters.The simulation results show that iodine molecules(I_(2))are quickly dissociated after being injected into the discharge chamber,with iodine atoms(I)being the predominant neutral particles.As the ionization product of I,I^(+)becomes the main ion component in the chamber,with a density approximately an order of magnitude higher than that of I_(2)^(+).Under the baseline conditions of this article,I^(+)ions account for 82%of the output ion beam,while I_(2)^(+)ions contribute the remaining 18%.By comparing the discharge characteristics of I_(2) and Xe at var⁃ious discharge voltages,it is found that the mass utilization and discharge efficiency of the two propellants are very close,and they show a consistent trend of change.This work shows that the discharge performance of I_(2) pro⁃pellant in miniature DC ion thrusters is highly similar to Xe,and the response characteristics to discharge param⁃eter are also consistent.Therefore,the discharge optimization strategy for the Xe-based micro-DC ion thruster,which has already reached maturity,holds significant reference value for the design and optimization of the io⁃dine-propelled thruster.

关 键 词：微型直流离子推力器 碘工质 完全动理学模拟 PIC-MCC-DSMC耦合算法 替代工质放电性能 

分 类 号：V231.1[航空宇航科学与技术—航空宇航推进理论与工程]