上海地区换锦花花芽分化进程的形态和生理变化  

Morphological and physiological changes of Lycoris sprengeri flower bud differentiation in Shanghai area

作　　者：李青竹[1] 许俊旭 蔡友铭[1] 张永春[1] 杨柳燕[1] LI Qingzhu;XU Junxu;CAI Youming;ZHANG Yongchun;YANG Liuyan(Forest&Fruit Tree Institute,Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Protected Horticultural Technology,Shanghai 201106,China)

机构地区：[1]上海市农业科学院林木果树研究所,上海市设施园艺技术重点实验室,上海201106

出　　处：《安徽农学通报》2025年第5期13-17,共5页Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：上海市科技兴农项目“石蒜种球休眠解除机理及花期精准调控技术研究”(2022-02-08-00-12-F01153)。

摘　　要：为揭示换锦花的花芽分化进程中的形态特征及生理变化规律,以30株换锦花为试验材料,观察其物候期和花芽分化的形态发育过程,测定其在不同分化时期可溶性糖、淀粉、可溶性蛋白含量以及超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)、过氧化物酶(POD)活性。结果表明,换锦花的花期为7月下旬至8月下旬;其花芽分化经历了花芽分化准备、分生组织膨大、花原基形成、花被片分化、雄蕊分化和雌蕊分化6个时期。2月中下旬至3月初是其初叶期,养分的积累为花芽分化作准备,4月中旬花原基出现,4月下旬花被片原基形成,5月初雄蕊形成,5月中下旬完成雌蕊分化,整个花芽分化基本完成。在整个花芽分化期,可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白含量总体呈先上升后下降趋势,淀粉含量则表现为持续下降趋势,SOD和POD活性在花芽分化前期有明显的上升趋势,说明高含量的可溶性糖、可溶性蛋白以及高活性的SOD和POD可促进换锦花花芽分化。In order to reveal morphological characteristics and physiological changes in the flower bud differentiation process of Lycoris sprengeri,30 Lycoris sprengeri flowers were used as experimental materials,the phenological stage and flower bud differentiation morphological development process were observed,and the contents of soluble sugar,starch,soluble protein,and the activities of superoxide dismutase(SOD)and peroxidase(POD)in different differentiation stages were determined.The results showed that,the flowering period of Lycoris sprengeri was from late July to late August,its flower bud differentiation went through 6 stages:bud preparation,meristem enlargement,flower primordium formation,perianth segment differentiation,stamen differentiation and pistil differentiation.From mid to late February to early March of each year was the leaf period,the accumulation of nutrients to prepare for flower bud differentiation.The flower primordium appeared in mid-April,the perianth primordium formed in late April,the stamen formed in early May,the pistil differentiation was completed in mid-late May,and the differentiation of the whole flower bud was basically completed.In the whole flower bud differentiation stage,the contents of soluble sugar and soluble protein increased first and then decreased,while the contents of starch showed a continuous decreasing trend,and the activities of SOD and POD increased significantly in the early stage of flower bud differentiation,indicating that high content of soluble sugar and soluble protein and high activity of SOD and POD could promote Lycoris sprengeri flower bud differentiation.

关 键 词：换锦花 花芽分化 形态变化 营养物质 抗氧化酶 

分 类 号：S628.11[农业科学—园艺学]