生物肥料在茶树栽培上的应用  

Application of biological fertilizer in tea cultivation

作　　者：韩梦琳 陈志英 HAN Menglin;CHEN Zhiying(Anhui Shitai County Agricultural and Rural Bureau,Shitai 245100,China)

机构地区：[1]安徽省石台县农业农村局,安徽石台245100

出　　处：《安徽农学通报》2025年第5期43-46,共4页Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin

摘　　要：合理施肥可有效促进茶树生长,提升茶叶品质和产量。本文介绍了生物肥料种类及其应用优势和局限性,结合茶树生长实际,总结分析了生物肥料在其生长中的应用。生物肥料有多种分类标准,按含有的微生物类别可分为细菌主导型、放线菌特长型和真菌主打型;按生物肥料的功能特性,可分为直接及间接供养型、病虫抵抗辅助型和生态与土质改良型;不同类型展现出其独特性与适用范围。该肥料具有安全环保、改良土壤、促进生长、抵抗病虫害和发展前景广阔等优势;但其肥效稳定性有待提高,且对土壤条件要求较为严格。施用固氮菌类肥料、解磷菌类肥料和解钾菌类肥料等生物肥料可提高茶树叶片中的叶绿素含量,增强光合作用能力;同时可提高土壤中氮素营养、有效钾和有效磷含量,进而促进其生长发育。本文为生物肥料在茶树等作物栽培中推广应用及农业绿色可持续发展提供参考。Reasonable fertilization can effectively promote the growth of tea trees and improve tea quality and yield.The types of biological fertilizers,and their advantages and limitations in application were introduced,combining with the actual growth of tea trees,the application of biological fertilizers in their growth were summarized and analyzed.There are multiple classification standards for biological fertilizers,which can be classified into bacterial dominant,actinomycete dominant,and fungal dominant types based on the types of microorganisms they contain;according to the functional characteristics of biological fertilizers,they can be divided into direct and indirect feeding type,disease and pest resistance auxiliary type,and ecological and soil improvement type;different types demonstrate their uniqueness and applicability.This fertilizer has the advantages of safety,environmental protection,soil improvement,growth promotion,resistance to pests and diseases,and broad development prospects;at the same time,but its need to improve fertilizer efficiency stability and strict requirements for soil conditions.The application of biological fertilizers such as nitrogen fixing bacteria fertilizers,phosphorus solubilizing bacteria fertilizers,and potassium solubilizing bacteria fertilizers can increase the chlorophyll content in tea leaves and enhance their photosynthetic capacity;at the same time,it can improve the nitrogen nutrition,available potassium,and available phosphorus content in the soil,thereby promoting its growth and development.This article provides a reference for promoting the application of biological fertilizers in the cultivation of crops such as tea treesand advancing green,and sustainable agricultural development.

关 键 词：生物肥料 茶树栽培 光合作用 绿色农业 

分 类 号：S144[农业科学—肥料学]