间作中作物和土壤养分利用及化学计量特征研究  

Research on crop and soil nutrient utilization and stoichiometric characteristics in intercropping

作　　者：刘思宇 高凯[1] LIU Siyu;GAO Kai(College of Grassland,Inner Mongolia Minzu University,Tongliao 028000,China)

机构地区：[1]内蒙古民族大学草业学院,内蒙古通辽028000

出　　处：《安徽农学通报》2025年第5期68-72,共5页Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin

基　　金：科尔沁沙地沙化农田防蚀增效生产技术研究(2024ZY0172)。

摘　　要：间作是作物种植模式之一,能够通过改善作物、土壤养分利用效率进而改变作物、土壤化学计量特征。本文从间作对作物、土壤养分含量及化学计量特征的影响等方面,介绍了间作中植物和土壤养分利用及化学计量特征。间作对作物养分含量及化学计量特征的影响主要包括间作中作物养分利用情况、间作的养分竞争与协同效应以及间作作物的化学计量特征;该种植方式促进作物吸收碳、氮和磷等养分,提高养分利用效率,从而影响作物的干物质积累量与生物产量;种间竞争和协同可以改变植物的生长速度,并影响植物器官间的生物量分配,通过不同作物间的相互作用,影响作物碳氮比和氮磷比等化学计量特征。间作对土壤养分含量及化学计量特征的影响方面,该种植模式较单播、连作可以明显提高土壤养分的吸收和利用效率,从而促进作物生长发育;主要通过改善土壤微生物的群落结构,提高土壤微生物的活性以发挥其作用;通过改变土壤碳氮比和碳磷比,影响土壤的碳化能力以及土壤氮和磷的有效性,进而影响作物生长。本文为进一步优化间作系统和提高间作养分利用效率提供参考。Intercropping is one of crop planting modes.It can change the stoichiometric characteristics between crops and soil by improving the efficiency of nutrient use in crops and soil.In this paper,the effects of intercropping on crop and soil nutrient content and stoichiometric characteristics of plant and soil nutrient utilization in intercropping were introduced.The effects of intercropping on crop nutrient content and stoichiometric characteristics mainly included crop nutrient utilization,nutrient competition and collaboration effect of intercropping,and stoichiometric characteristics of intercropping.Intercropping promotes the uptake of nutrients such as carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus,and improves the efficiency of nutrient utilization,thus affecting the dry matter accumulation and biological yield of crops.Interspecific competition and collaboration could change the growth rate of plants,affect the biomass allocation among plant organs,and affect the stoichiometric characteristics such as the ratio of carbon to nitrogen and nitrogen to phosphorus through the interaction between different crops.In terms of the effects of intercropping on soil nutrient content and stoichiometric characteristics,it could significantly improve the absorption and utilization efficiency of soil nutrients compared with unicast and continuous cropping,thus promoting crop growth and development.It was mainly through improving the community structure of soil microorganisms,improving the activity of soil microorganisms,and then playing its role.Intercropping can change soil carbon-nitrogen ratio and carbon-phosphorus ratio,affect soil carbonization capacity and availability of soil nitrogen and phosphorus,and then affect crop growth.This paper provides references for further optimization of intercropping system and improvement of intercropping nutrient utilization efficiency.

关 键 词：间作 土壤养分 化学计量特征 养分利用效率 

分 类 号：S1[农业科学—农业基础科学]