绿色防控技术在玉米病虫害防治中的应用  

Application of green prevention and control technology in the prevention and control of corn diseases and pests

作　　者：毕瑞芝 BI Ruizhi(Tangshan Fengnan District Agriculture and Rural Bureau,Tangshan 063300,China)

机构地区：[1]唐山市丰南区农业农村局,河北唐山063300

出　　处：《安徽农学通报》2025年第5期85-88,共4页Anhui Agricultural Science Bulletin

摘　　要：为推进绿色防控技术在玉米病虫害防治中的推广与应用,本文通过梳理相关文献并结合实践,系统研究农业防控、物理防控、生物防控和化学防控的具体应用及防治效果。农业防控手段主要包括选择适应性强、产量高且品质优良的玉米品种;与大豆、小麦等作物进行轮作,以减少病虫害发生;利用不同作物之间的生态互补性,与马铃薯、花生等作物进行间作套种;合理控制氮、磷和钾肥比例,科学施用基肥与追肥,以提高玉米抗逆性;适时适量灌溉,保持土壤适宜的湿度。物理防控主要利用物理因素或机械设备,如诱虫灯和诱虫板等诱集并杀灭害虫。生物防控主要利用天敌和微生物制剂进行控制。化学防控主要应用于病虫害严重或生物防控手段无法有效应对的情况下,通过科学用药和精准施药,有效控制病虫害。综合运用绿色防控技术可降低玉米病虫害的发生概率,提高产量和质量,是实现玉米可持续生产的有效途径。本文为实现玉米等作物生产的高质、高效和生态友好提供参考。To promote the promotion and application of green prevention and control technology in the prevention and control of corn diseases and pests,the specific applications and prevention effects of agricultural prevention and control,physical prevention and control,biological prevention and control,and chemical prevention and control were studied by reviewing relevant literature and combining practice.The main measures for agricultural prevention and control include selecting corn varieties with strong adaptability,high-yield,and excellent quality;croping rotation with crops such as soybeans and wheat to reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases;utilizing the ecological complementarity between different crops,intercropping with crops such as potatoes and peanuts;reasonably controling the ratio of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium fertilizers,scientifically applying base and topdressing fertilizers to improve the stress resistance of corn;timely and moderate irrigation to maintain suitable soil moisture.Physical prevention and control mainly uses physical factors or mechanical equipment,such as insect-killing lamp and sticking traps,to attract and kill pests.Biological prevention and control mainly utilizes natural enemies and microbial agents for control.Chemical control is mainly applied in situations where diseases and pests are severe or biological control methods cannot effectively respond,through scientific and precise application of drugs to effectively control pests and diseases.The comprehensive application of green prevention and control technology can reduce the incidence of corn diseases and pests,improve yield and quality,it is an effective way to achieve sustainable corn production.This article provides references for achieving high-quality,efficient,and eco-friendly corn and other crops production.

关 键 词：玉米 病虫害 绿色防控 生物防控 生态环境 

分 类 号：S435.13[农业科学—农业昆虫与害虫防治]