植物精油组分对木材腐朽和霉变真菌的抑制效果  

Inhibitory effects of plant essential oil components on fungi causing wood decay,mould,and stain

作　　者：于洋 胡拉 韦晓颂 杨业彬 秦理哲 杨章旗[2,3] YU Yang;HU La;WEI Xiaosong;YANG Yebin;QIN Lizhe;YANG Zhangqi(School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering,Guangxi Minzu University,Nanning,Guangxi 530006,China;Guangxi Forestry Laboratory,Guangxi Forestry Research Institute,Nanning,Guangxi 530002,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Superior Timber Trees Resource Cultivation,Nanning,Guangxi 530002,China;School of Resources,Environment and Materials,Guangxi University,Nanning,Guangxi 530004,China;Guangxi Key Laboratory of Chemistry and Engineering of Forest Products/Guangxi Collaborative Innovation Center,Nanning,Guangxi 530006,China)

机构地区：[1]广西民族大学化学化工学院,广西南宁530006 [2]广西壮族自治区林业科学研究院广西林业实验室,广西南宁530002 [3]广西优良用材林资源培育重点实验室,广西南宁530002 [4]广西大学资源环境与材料学院,广西南宁530004 [5]广西林产化学与工程重点实验室/协同创新中心,广西南宁530006

出　　处：《森林与环境学报》2025年第2期218-224,共7页Journal of Forest and Environment

基　　金：国家自然科学基金项目“高效防霉型植物精油的可控微囊化及在木材中的长效释放机制”(32101462);广西林科院研究团队项目“人工林木材环保防腐及胶合耐久性提升技术研发”(2024RT03);广西科技基地和人才专项“松树资源培育共性关键技术创新与产业化应用”(桂科AD19254004)。

摘　　要：为评价植物精油组分对木材腐朽和霉变真菌的抑制效果,选用肉桂醛、柠檬醛、丁香酚和百里酚等精油组分,利用培养基法研究其对采绒革盖菌(Coriolus versicolor)、绵腐卧孔菌(Postia placenta)、黑曲霉(Aspergillus niger)、绿色木霉(Trichoderma viride)、可可球二孢(Botryodiplodia theobromae)和链格孢菌(Alternaria alternata)的抑菌效力。结果表明,当精油组分的添加浓度为0.125、0.250、0.500、1.000μL·mL^(-1)时,抑菌效力平均值分别为44%、72%、95%、100%,抑菌效力达100%的组别分别占8%、46%、92%、100%,表明抑菌效力随添加浓度的增大而显著提高(P<0.05),并在浓度为1.000μL·mL^(-1)时可以完全抑制6种真菌的生长。坐标综合评定法分析表明,不同精油组分相比,百里酚的合计综合评价分值(1.50)明显小于其他组分(2.65~9.50),综合抑菌效力较高;柠檬醛的合计综合评价分值(9.50)是其他组分合计综合评价分值的3.3~6.3倍,综合抑菌效力较低。不同菌种相比,绿色木霉的合计综合评价分值(0.42)较其余菌种低64.4%~92.6%,表明精油组分对其的抑菌效果较优;链格孢菌的合计综合评价分值(5.64)是其余菌种的1.2~13.4倍,表明精油组分对其的综合抑菌效力较低。总之,在较高添加浓度下所选的4种精油组分对6种木材腐朽和霉变真菌的生长均表现出优异的抑制效果,而基于多个添加浓度试验分析获得的综合抑菌效力在不同植物精油组分之间及其作用于不同菌种时均表现出明显差异。This study aims to evaluate the inhibitory effects of plant essential oil components on the fungi causing wood decay,mould,and stain.The culture medium method was employed to investigate the antifungal efficacy of four typical components(cinnamaldehyde,citral,eugenol,and thymol)of essential oils on Postia placenta,Coriolus versicolor,Aspergillus niger,Trichoderma viride,Botryodiplodia theobromae,and Alternaria alternata.The results showed that the average antifungal efficacy of the essential oil components at concentrations of 0.125μL·mL^(-1),0.250μL·mL^(-1),0.500μL·mL^(-1),and 1.000μL·mL^(-1) were 44%,72%,95%,and 100%,respectively.The groups with antifungal efficacy reaching 100%at the above four concentrations accounted for 8%,46%,92%,and 100%,respectively.This result indicated that the antifungal efficacy of the components substantially increased with the increase in their concentration,and the growth of the six fungi was completely inhibited at a concentration of 1.000μL·mL^(-1).The analysis based on the comprehensive coordinate method showed that thymol had higher comprehensive antifungal efficacy among the four components,with a total comprehensive evaluation score of 1.50,which was obviously lower than those(2.65-9.50)of other components.The total comprehensive evaluation score of citral(9.50)was 3.3-6.3 times that of other components,indicating that citral had lower comprehensive antifungal efficacy.The four components showed stronger inhibitory effect on Trichoderma viride than on other fungi,with the total comprehensive evaluation score(0.42)being 64.4%-92.6%lower,respectively.The total comprehensive evaluation score of the components on Alternaria alternata(5.64)was 1.2~13.4 times that of the components on other fungi,indicating that the components had a poorer inhibitory effect on this fungus.In summary,the four selected essential oil components at high concentrations exhibit excellent inhibitory effects on the growth of the six fungi causing wood decay,mould,and stain,and the comprehensive

关 键 词：植物精油组分 木材腐朽 木材霉变 抑菌效力 坐标综合评定法 

分 类 号：S782.33[农业科学—木材科学与技术] TQ654.2[农业科学—林学]