土壤微塑料富集、提取、鉴定分析方法体系研究  

Research on Soil Microplastic Enrichment, Extraction, Identification and Analysis Method System

作　　者：钱程 唐明祥 殷伟庆 QIAN Cheng;TANG Ming-xiang;YIN Wei-qing(Zhenjiang Environmental Monitoring Center of Jiangsu,Zhenjiang 212001,China;Danyang Ecological Environment Monitoring Station in Zhenjiang City,Zhenjiang 212300,China)

机构地区：[1]江苏省镇江环境监测中心,江苏镇江212001 [2]镇江市丹阳生态环境监测站,江苏丹阳212300

出　　处：《干旱环境监测》2025年第1期5-14,共10页Arid Environmental Monitoring

基　　金：江苏省环境监测科研基金项目(2114);镇江市社发重点项目(SH2023113)资助。

摘　　要：通过对比四类浮选剂和四类消解剂的试验效果,以及各试剂在不同处理条件下对土壤微塑料的提取效果,结果表明:对比四类浮选剂及其按1∶1配比的饱和溶液,CaCl_(2)溶液处理后存在大量的泡沫不仅吸附微塑料,还会携带更多杂质漂浮在上清液中,影响提取效率。NaI饱和溶液处理有较高的微塑料提取率,但经消解剂处理后存在着色的风险。NaBr在试验过程中有较好的处理效果和较高的提取率;对比消解效果发现,H_(2)O_(2)+HNO_(3)消解体系对有机杂质的降解效果更好,其次为H_(2)O_(2)和H_(2)O_(2)+H_(2)SO_(4),NaOH消解效果较差;四类消解试剂的不同处理方式产生的差异,H_(2)O_(2)+HNO_(3)消解体系的回收率相比H_(2)O_(2)有一定提升,回收率可达95%,而碱消解体系对微塑料的提取效果显然不如前者。综上,选用饱和NaBr溶液作为浮选剂,30%H_(2)O_(2)+65%HNO_(3)(4∶1)组合消解,加药量20 ml,消解时间12 h,可将浮选分离的有机成分较好分解且有较高回收率。By comparing the experimental effects of four types of flotation agents and four types of dissolution agents,as well as the extraction effect of each reagent on microplastics in agricultural soil under different treatment conditions,the results show that:comparing the four types of flotation agents and their saturated solutions in the ratio of 1∶1,the existence of a large number of bubbles in CaCl_(2) solution not only adsorbs microplastics,but also floats in the supernatant with more impurities,which affects the extraction efficiency;the saturated NaI solution has a higher extraction rate of microplastics but there is a risk of coloration after the dissolution agent treatment.NaI saturated solution has a higher extraction rate of microplastics,but there is a risk of coloring after treatment with the degradation agent.NaBr has a better treatment effect and a higher extraction rate during the test.Comparison of the degradation effect found that the overall H_(2)O_(2)+HNO_(3) degradation system has a better degradation of organic impurities,followed by H_(2)O_(2) and H_(2)O_(2)+H_(2)SO_(4) degradation,and the effect of NaOH degradation is worse;four types of degradation The differences produced by different treatments of the four types of degradation reagents,the recovery of the H_(2)O_(2)+HNO_(3) degradation system was improved compared with that of H_(2)O_(2),and the recovery rate was up to 95%,while the alkali degradation system was obviously not as effective as the former in the extraction of microplastics.In summary,the saturated NaBr solution was chosen as the flotation agent,and the combination of 30%H_(2)O_(2)+65%HNO_(3)(4∶1)digestion with 20 ml dosage and 12 h digestion time could decompose the organic components separated by flotation better and with a high recovery rate.

关 键 词：微塑料 土壤 方法 体系 

分 类 号：X830.2[环境科学与工程—环境工程]