电站锅炉过热器T91钢管爆管原因  

Cause of T91 Steel Pipe Burst in a Power Station Boiler Superheater

作　　者：别尔兰·贾纳依汗 陈思宇 李兆宇 BIEERLAN Jianayihan;CHEN Siyu;LI Zhaoyu(China Merchants Xinjiang Special Equipment Inspection Technology Research Institute Co.,Ltd.,Urumqi 830011,China;Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Special Equipment Testing Technology,Urumqi 830011,China;Electric Power Research Institute,State Grid Xinjiang Electric Power Co.,Ltd.,Urumqi 830011,China)

机构地区：[1]招商新疆特种设备检验技术研究院有限公司,乌鲁木齐830011 [2]新疆特种设备检测技术研究重点实验室,乌鲁木齐830011 [3]国网新疆电力有限公司电力科学研究院,乌鲁木齐830011

出　　处：《机械工程材料》2025年第2期112-118,共7页Materials For Mechanical Engineering

基　　金：国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFC3001805)。

摘　　要：某电厂服役79583 h的锅炉过热器T91钢管发生爆管。采用宏观形貌观察、金相检验、能谱分析、化学成分分析、硬度测试、断口形貌观察等方法分析了爆管原因。结果表明,T91钢管因长时过热与短时过热共同作用导致的复合过热而发生爆管。该电厂发电机组长期参与国家电网调峰调频,使机组负荷大幅波动,引起超温运行,造成钢管组织老化、力学性能下降,负荷波动产生的交变应力使氧化皮脱落,导致管道内局部堵塞,管内压力骤增,触发局部超温,最终引发爆管。建议合理分配热负荷,确保燃料均匀分布,避免局部过热现象,同时定期检查锅炉管道的温度分布和材料状态,从而有效防止爆管。The T91 steel pipe of boiler superheater in a power station burst after serving for 79583 h.The cause of the pipe burst was investigated through macromorphological observation,metallographic examination,energy spectrum analysis,chemical composition analysis,hardness test and fracture morphology observation.The results show that the T91 steel pipe burst due to the combined overheating caused by long-term overheating and short-term overheating.The generator units of the power station had long participated in the peak regulation and frequency modulation of the national grid,resulting in significant fluctuations in the unit load.This led to over-temperature operation,causing the aging of the steel pipe's microstructure and the decrease of its mechanical properties.The alternating stress which was generated by the load fluctuations caused the oxide skin to fall off,resulting in local blockage in the pipeline and the sudden increase of the pressure in the pipe,triggering local over-temperature and finally causing the pipe burst.It was suggested that the heat load should be reasonably distributed to ensure the uniform distribution of fuel and avoid local overheating,and at the same time,the temperature distribution and material state of boiler pipes should be regularly checked to effectively prevent pipe burst.

关 键 词：T91钢 电站锅炉过热器 爆管 复合过热 

分 类 号：TG174.32[金属学及工艺—金属表面处理]