低孔隙率难注水煤层机械造穴增透注水防尘技术研究  

Research on Mechanical Cavity Formation to Enhance Permeability and Water Injection for Dust Prevention in Low Permeability Coal Seams

作　　者：杨乐 徐慧刚 YANG Le;XU Huigang

机构地区：[1]山西潞安矿业(集团)有限责任公司古城煤矿,山西长治046108 [2]山西新元煤炭有限责任公司,山西晋中045400

出　　处：《中国矿山工程》2025年第1期13-19,共7页China Mine Engineering

摘　　要：本文主要针对山西新元煤炭有限公司下属矿井煤层孔隙率低、难注水的特点,采用机械造穴的方法对煤层进行增透,进而实现注水防尘的目的。首先,结合现场条件,通过PFC2D5.00软件进行造穴钻孔数值模拟,研究表明,在500 mm直径钻孔孔径下,裂隙初期均匀分布,随后向垂直方向扩散;在弹性区域内,水平方向孔隙率呈现增长趋势,垂直方向则呈现减小趋势。其次,结合现场环境以及相关规定,选取合适的钻孔间距、造穴间距与造穴长度。最后,根据经验公式算出合适的注水压力、注水量以及注水时间。经对煤层经机械造穴增透后的注水效果进行分析,结果表明:普通注水后平均增加煤体水分1.53%~2.35%,平均增加0.23%~1.05%;实施机械造穴后平均测定煤体水分4.83%~7.02%,平均增加3.53%~5.75%。通过比较可得,机械造穴增透使得煤体的含水率明显提升,煤体润湿越充分,水分增量越大,煤样水分平均增加越大。This paper primarily addresses the characteristics of low permeability and difficulty in water injection in coal seams of the mines under Shanxi Xinyuan Coal Industry Co.,Ltd.By employing the method of mechanical cavity formation,the permeability of the coal seams is enhanced to achieve the purpose of water injection for dust prevention.Firstly,based on the field conditions,numerical simulations of cavity formation drilling were conducted using the PFC2D5.00 software.The study found that under a 500 mm diameter drilling hole,the fractures initially distribute uniformly and then spread in the vertical direction.Within the elastic region,the porosity in the horizontal direction shows an increasing trend,while in the vertical direction,it shows a decreasing trend.Secondly,considering the field environment and relevant regulations,appropriate drilling intervals,cavity formation intervals,and cavity lengths were selected.Finally,suitable water injection pressure,water volume,and injection time were calculated based on empirical formulas.By analyzing the water injection effect of the coal seams after mechanical cavity formation,the results indicate that after ordinary water injection,the average increase in coal body moisture is 1.53%to 2.35%,with an average increase of 0.23%to 1.05%.After implementing mechanical cavity formation,the average coal body moisture measured is 4.83%to 7.02%,with an average increase of 3.53%to 5.75%.Through comparison,it can be seen that mechanical cavity formation significantly increases the moisture content of the coal body.The more thoroughly the coal body is moistened,the greater the increase in moisture,and the larger the average increase in coal sample moisture.

关 键 词：机械造穴 煤层注水 煤尘防治 

分 类 号：TD821[矿业工程—煤矿开采]