基于网络流和需求情景的铁路货运路网车流分配研究  

Train Flow Distribution of Railway Freight Networks Based on Network Flow and Demand Scenarios

作　　者：张琪[1] 赵广富 寇玮华[1] 宋蔚峰 卢奇文 陈立强 ZHANG Qi;ZHAO Guangfu;KOU Weihua;SONG Weifeng;LU Qiwen;CHEN Liqiang(School of Transportation and Logistics,Southwest Jiaotong University,Chengdu 611756,Sichuan,China;Construction Management Office,China Railway Hohhot Group Co.,Ltd.,Hohhot 010030,Inner Mongolia,China;China Railway Hohhot Group Co.,Ltd.,Hohhot 010030,Inner Mongolia,China;Passenger Transport Department,China Railway Hohhot Group Co.,Ltd.,Hohhot 010030,Inner Mongolia,China)

机构地区：[1]西南交通大学交通运输与物流学院,四川成都611756 [2]中国铁路呼和浩特局集团有限公司调度所(施工办),内蒙古呼和浩特010030 [3]中国铁路呼和浩特局集团有限公司,内蒙古呼和浩特010030 [4]中国铁路呼和浩特局集团有限公司客运部,内蒙古呼和浩特010030

出　　处：《铁道运输与经济》2025年第3期1-8,共8页Railway Transport and Economy

基　　金：中国国家铁路集团有限公司科技研究开发计划课题(Q113623S04005)。

摘　　要：铁路货运需求动态变化且阶段性集中的特点导致货运铁路及沿线车站时常出现“有货无能力、有能力无货”的现象,以固定径路进行货物运输的单一运输组织模式已无法适应变化的运输需求。为使运能与需求更加匹配、车流组织更加灵活高效,利用网络流理论,提出基于需求情景分析的铁路货运路网车流分配及径路优化。将动态需求下采用固定车流组织模式问题转化为3种需求情景下采用具有不同侧重的车流组织模式问题。同时构建基于需求情景的铁路货运路网车流分配及径路优化模型。最后以唐包线单日煤炭运输数据为例,使用Python调用Gurobi求解模型,对模型进行验证。结果表明,模型能较为均衡地将车流分配到线路上并在一定程度上释放了能力紧张线路的运能,可以辅助运营决策,为唐包线提升运输增量提供理论参考。The characteristics of dynamic changes and phased concentration of railway freight demands lead to the phenomenon of“having goods without the transportation capacity or having the transportation capacity without goods”in freight railways and stations along the railway line.The single transportation organization mode of transporting goods by fixed routes can no longer adapt to the changing transportation demands.In order to make the capacity and demands more matched and the train flow organization more flexible and efficient,this paper used the network flow theory and proposed the train flow distribution and route optimization of railway freight networks based on the demand scenario analysis.The paper then transformed the problem of adopting a fixed train flow organization mode under dynamic demands into the problem of adopting the train flow organization mode with different emphases under three demand scenarios.At the same time,the paper constructed the train flow distribution and route optimization model of railway freight networks based on demand scenarios.Finally,taking the Tangshan-Baotou Line as an example,the paper used Python to call Gurobi and utilized single-day coal transportation data to verify the model.The results show that the model can distribute the train flow to railway lines in a balanced way and release the transportation capacity of railway lines with limited capacity to some extent.It can assist operation decisions and provide the theoretical reference for the Tangshan-Baotou Line to increase transportation increment.

关 键 词：铁路货物运输 车流径路优化 网络流理论 需求情景分析 煤炭运输 

分 类 号：U292.3[交通运输工程—交通运输规划与管理]